luilK'llol ol npproiirlutioDB iiolod in Iho iiroviooB j tar. 
lo wliloli ilio npjiro™ if the Governor In Exoonlivo Council 
u'uB obiftiiiwl durlnp 1S9S aliould liiivo been iaoluilcd a eum of 
t'Mi 6lorliii({ lo bo liovoli-d lo pushing Coyion Toa omongBl tho 
lin»i> Tiii (iriiibcrf of Csiiada per loiter dntud 2l)th Juno, 1898. 
CETLOS Tea in America. 
11,0 lolul sluoiiiit of monoy ehowu by tho occonntfl in 
fdTl.ni iiiiiwpml'''' 1»J' Mr. Wui. Muckenaio, Boproaontolivo 
1 iin^rii n Biiicclhc commencement of his oporalionfl In 189i, 
..r, r U M December, 1S99, Rb. 811,863-11. 
r , ii,.. V L ir I'lii'l tlionmonnt Totcil to Mr. Wm. Mackonalo 
r .„-;.,'>.. .1 A[i,iTici ia £10,000, say Hs. ISO.OOO. for 
, ,„n Ceylon Toa. Acconnle BS rooi-ivoil 
\: N ■ ■ during the paat year are ouncxeJ. 
1^.,, ,1.1 > I I- THE TABLES OrVBS IS LABT YEAB'a 
nu'.'iu "iiii: i i^LLOwiso statistics are ISBTBCCTIVB. 
JCvtraLfL'il from year-book of the United Slates Depart- 
mcnf if ApHcnUiire, 
Tea, Coffeb. and LiQrons. 
Coni! iuj|.iiuii of Ti'ii, Coffee, Wines, Distilled Splrlta, end Malt 
Llotinrt. In iho United Slstes, ].er capita of popnlnllon, 
' 1S70 to 1808. 
fFfOiii Division of SlnllBllcB.) 
rounds. Pounds. Gallons. Proof Gulfl. GiiUono 
1878 
1870 
ISSO 
1«85 
li)87 
1»S9 
loa? 
JO 71 
1063 
11-20 
11'23 
If!) 
i 1 
'1 
it 
■i s-i 
I ^1 
Til. imdsrn„l.!j 1,1,1, [„„ Clrcnlir So. 12, Seolion nl 
iomgn Markets >,S tlie extent of the market for tea in tliis 
coantry : 
;/,i;,ni-« n/ Teuhil,, Uititat Stales from tach 0/ Ihe leiiditig 
coiiiHi-rts 0/ sii;>ii>'i during tht five fiscal t/eins, ISOZ-lSOa. 
i" 
if 
1 S ' 
1 1.1 
1 
If 
lliifll 
TEAFiN WoKK WniTKJf. 
o Die 8 
^;,',V,; 11 , 1 ' ii''-i"'aflVi^iiaoT)o 
,1 '■ ' ,' .iii't our utrongeat allieB tiro 
i.iT™.'; ■" ^""'^'"-•^ "ilh iiH f.,r four yearn. Th.it they 
bfflw-^i . f-^^ ">o very dlBlimrteuing 
W it:. received dnriiiK Ibo liuit throo-youw,— 
lOT lotUinw thv rejection for n. any months of all fine t«iH 
ih« H.J.'^' "l"™ Imposed laal ywir and 
lh"lr"ff,Il?™ " ' ' l""**** some Bocoeiia hus attended 
hMyJ^!'^^ ''■'""dd hsTo dropped oat, hnt many now onos 
■ » ' ,'' '1 '" ''' Wiiuindb'sald pmcllcnlly withdrawn, 
■ '' "' ' "I nnwfluupcra, and with Ceylon's appro- 
' ' '',""0, I wan obllgoil to warn our friends 
'••■"a in 1300 to iho oitont I bavu Iraon 
fc , , ., , """""I has now told mo the £6,000 Is lo 
■'' ' Ari," ^ 'i"* "''eady Mot tb« «nooun,giDt; 
In my report, written a joor ago, I ventured to hope (hat 
Coyion leas would be token to tho extent of 8,000,000 lbs in 
]8;*9, in the Sintea and Canada. Tho figures for December 
ore not yet known. I3ul wo know enough to lead neto believe 
Ihe eslimate I made was fairly correct. 
From Colombo direct, niid by Chlnn, the 
export will proiMbly bo — ... 4,500,000 Iba. 
To end of November, Messrs. Gow, Wilson 
and Slnnton have kindly furuishcd mo with 
tho exporla from London to America as ,„ 3,175,000 
Tolal... 7.675,000 
Taking the export from London during December at the 
average during tho first 11 montb'a ortilmott 300,000 lbs then 
my eatimale ot 8,000,000 lbs. is very nearly touched. " 
Tea drinking in the Slatea fell to a very low ebb between 
June, 1898, and Jone, 1899 i bnt during Ihe last halt year the 
deliveries ahow o great improvomeai. The flgnres muat be 
although official , ae I have gut them 
r.,800.000 ibt. 
7,097,000 ,, 
7,U3,000 ,, 
received v 
they run as follows 
In Juno 
I, July 
„ Augasf 
„ September ... ... 
1 have applied for figures for October and Kovcmber bnt 
Lave not yet received them. In a Grocery Newspaper I see 
them elated for October iit 3,000,000 lbs. Those delivoples are 
fur tho Stales only, and ilo not inclutlo Canndn. They would 
Bcom to indicate that bccauBo of tho great prosperity of all 
industries, Iho Americans aro gelling over the Bhoclt cauBod by 
the imposition of duty. 
So for 08 I can aacertain. Iho Ugarea for Indian toa will 
also show a good increase over any previous year. 
Teas for price seem to have the call everywhere. It 
certainly ia so in the States. Ceyloiia pnrlly, but Indiana lo a 
much greater extent, on account of iho clienpuesa of souie 
grades from Sylhet, Cochur and llio Dooara, have been helped 
by thorise in price of China blacks, cauied by Ihe "Sl.iudnrds," 
which keep out the lowest grades. Throe years ago those 
China lefiB were landed in N. York at Jd. to 6d. per lb., now 
they cost Od. to 64d. 
Onr teas aro displacing those China varieties in blonds ; - 
and it Is in that direotiou, and in packeu of pure Ceylon and 
Indian, now being pushed vigoroualy Avhcrover people of 
Britiah origin are to bo found in (bo RIate?, that our trade is 
iuoroasing. My onquiriea have failed to find evidence that 
we aro converting Americans to tho use of Btmight black ten, 
to an extent that would niatorinlly bdp oiu- oxporls. 
Ae I befian by eaylug, this ia Ageiieml mport, I cannot 
euler into details without giviug u\ynj' bnaineaa, which would 
oHend our friouds. But tho Cliaitiunu will support mo in 
Baying that week by week I keep himand tho Committee fnlly 
informed of nertc/i/ everylhing that tagoing on. 1 eay nenrl;/, 
because with so many Colombo nicrdittuta on tlio Committee, 
I am forced to be sileut ou poiula ouicorning Firms who are 
helping us from Colombo. » 
The Daily Mail has tho tolloTing pam this morning : 
" The Boers' " Ambnlimce of Colcsbui; is a grocer'a wagon and 
has a red cros^ painted on it next the Grocer's name, and 
"Drink Ceylon Ton" on tho ether aide 
PltSSBSTATtOS OF AX ADDRBFIB AStl SILVER CA3kET 
.ox TK,^ to ADyiRAl.DEWF,Y, OF THL 
XJOKE. ISOT- 
it of the visit of the Hero of 
le to Amorie.i, where ho after- 
p Colombo i 
In reference to tho iucidoi 
Manila to Ceyloo in 1899 en rou 
w.inla -was the recipient of one oi u.o most euinuaiasiic and 
remarkable demonstralioua from his connlrymen ou record, it 
is worth reproducing here a copy of tho telegram on tbo subject 
thai appeared in the New Tori: Trihuna and in the Chicago 
Bfcoj-aat tho time as showing how widely Wlown theRecoplion 
was throughout America. All the meinliere of the Depu- 
tation wore impressed with Admiral Dewey's cordiality and tho 
personal interest ho eo distinelly evinced in Ceylon's great 
staple — Tea — and the British enferpripe under which il llonr- 
CEYLOX GltBI^K THA3. 
Wilh regard lo the gnnil of 10 cents per lb. on Cevlon Green 
Tea^, the folluwiugslalemeut, from thf ci 
ujay be usefnl for tl-I 
October IJ^SS... 2010 11 
Do. 
Us. Dfh 
November I.'^OS... 7S0O lbs. Bruutswick do. 
December IS9S... 135o Iba. do. do. 
Jaunury 1699... GGD5 lbs. do, do. 
Do. ... 500Slba. do. do. 
1S99./. 5971 lbs. do. do. 
... 5145 lbs, do. do, 
1599... 3080 lbs. do. do, 
... 5151 lbs. Dewalaliandedo. 
... 4710 lbs. Brunswick do. 
1899... 4500 Ibff. do. do, 
1899... 53JO lbs. do. do, 
1899... 4501) lbs. do. do. 
... 6060 lbs, ilo, do. 
1899... 4020 lbs. do. do. 
... 3OS0 lbs. do. do. 
September 1S99. 
.,. 201 00 
... -'li 70 
... 780 UO 
March 
^Do. 
May 
July 
a"' 
00 
1974 lb=. do. do. ,,. 197 40 
November 1S99... 3O0O lbs, do. do. .. 301) 00 
December 1899... 6000 Iba. do. do. ...600 00 
Do. ... 3540 lbs. . do. do. ... 354 00 
Total., unsay lbs. Total Ra,.. 996:1 bO 
Leaving tho b,i;. :;--.- us. 20,037-lOBtill available at date, 
AGRICCLTORAL CilElIlST. 
The inlereating work commenced by Mr. M, Kelway 
B.mber in October, 18^8, was brought to a point by your Com- 
mittee receiving uu elaborate report which is being printed 
under Mr. Bamber':! directions, and which will be issued free 
ou applieatiou to every tea e.slato. 
UsivKBSAb Inters ATicsAL K-\uii!Itiox to de held IX 
Paris ix the yeah 1900, 
Mr. .1. H. Ronton has been appointed representative at the 
Piiris E.thibition at a salary of .tSOO sterling, and it is felt that 
in hia hands nothing will be left undone to onanro the best 
residls which the opportunity ahoiild nfPord of making Coyion- - 
Tea known to all the nations ot the world wlio will doubtless 
visit tho Freucli Capital ou this great occaaion. 
Cevlox Tea ix Rfbsia. 
Members will recollect that on llr. ChriatiB'a reoommeu- 
datiou a contract was eulered into foradvertiaementB appearing 
once a week for 35 weekd, tliat is lo lbs end of May, 189SI, in 46 
Xowsiiai)ers and 6 Illastmted iodials in RuBsia. The con- 
tract has not been renewed, and Iho letal coat o£ the advertise- 
ment has beeu Rs, 41,814'2I. Though no report hoa yet been 
received, there need belittle douiit that benefit has resulted from 
such adverlii.;ment of Ceyluu Tea in Runaia undertaken solely 
on thv liiii..-^ Iiii>l down, and with theone object to advertise 
111. iiit ri;-. ..i c. vlonToa. The foU.iving oxtraut from a Dip- 
|.,i...-. .Ill -■..^:-id.-.i- Report (Itussil) for the year 1898 la 
,1 . Apricuitaro and Trade of Odessa and 
li . 1:1. Ihe heading Ceykn Tea it ia recorded : 
■r, M.,i. i... V, i,„.li was introduced iato Russia only a few 
r^-.ir^ ...I... i- \,. \un consumed in nipidlf Increasing (juantitios. 
Ill laas 2.714.1)00 llM, of tea wore shiiiped from Coyion direct 
to Odessa, as against 439,350 11m, in 1897— a very Bulisfactory 
increase. China and Ceylon teas are iaiporled in vesaorB of the 
Russian Yoluuteer Fleet, which, owing to the low freights 
charged by that line of sleainura on tlioir homeward voyages, 
have now practically Iho mouoply of Ihe lea carrying trade 
from Yanglfic ports, Shanghai, and Colombo. Moreover, tea 
imported from Ihe Far East in KnBsiau hotloma enjoys prefer- 
ential railway r.itea between Odessa and Moscow, 
Il is wotlhy of note that there is a growing roi:iprocal 
purchase of Russian petroleum by Ceylon. In '■'^'J?, 1,3:17,400 
gallons of this prudiict were iuiiiorluJ at Colombo, imd hist 
year l,39,s,90O gallons." 
EXTRALT OF RETITHS OK PRlSCtPAI. AUTICMld OF l.MI'ORT 
TO OUKSSA DURI.Sd THK VKARrf Ij<98— '.H!- 
Articles. Tons. 
189S- 
1S97 
lion in 1.-.!'.- 
of 917,0(11 i 
,1 for local totiBump- 
londing with China 
Adverting to Mr. Chrl»tlu'a Ural recommeudallon in his 
vsluublo Ueporl, namely lo oudeavour to gut tho Rusalau Import 
Duly on Tea reOncud oa Ihe gruiteal aid to Increased conaiuap- 
tlon, and In continuation of cnrrcsimidonco given In last 
fMr'« Report In Appeudtv A, the following Important farthsc 
communication ie heroin added. It should bo noted Ihol by a 
printer's mistake the loiter from Go^erument referrea lo w 
given aa dated " Colomlw, 17th January 1898," 't".lead of as 
■■Colombo, I7lh January, 1899." Tbia correct ion '9. ""'f 
guide in looking over <1^°<%''«\ '^^''i^r ^ 
Dntiea levied on Tea by the Ruaslan Oovemment. 
Iho 17th Jwiai 
CQpT ol D Da patch 
ttlj * Ambuudor at 
kn'^GorfTMaE^' I am dlieowd by Bis 
a [bs daiiM piyahla on imparled t« 
Baxk Balasces. 
^ationalBankofI^dia,Lld.,CoIombo ... Rs, 26,501-43 
'lo- No.2a'c 73,477-15 
Rs. 99,978-58 
Sketcr "^^^^■^SHO^n.-G advances Agaixst credits 
AgnonUura?^C?;^mlt- ^ '^^^ 3.750^ 
... „ 1.330-20 
14,441-77 
Hungary ... 1,943-81 
— ., 5,580K)a 
2600 
Rs. 27.071-80 
(Initialled) J. G. 
SumniBryol Receipts aad ExpeoiHtpfe: Ceyloa (Tea New Mirkctsl 
FnaJ. as per Abstract tor the six monl6g endlnit iht Dk., |g9» ' 
Ceylon Green'Tens 
Ceylon Tea in Germanv 
Ceylon Tea iu Austria a: 
Coyion Tea in Hasaia 
Gootgardle Exhibition 
Ion thoUb/inthJuuf 
duty's" fi^?bfM^50 oSpe 
loditt, Limited, h ptevioii! 
E.tPENE 
It Coyion Tea in Rntsis,.. 
cHARLE? s soorr. 
CEYLOX Tea IX Geruaxv. 
A Bum of Rb. 31,752-61 has beeu paid in conncolion with 
pushiugandadverllsing Ceylon Tea in Germany dnriug tho post 
year almost entirely by tho elTorts of Messrs. Hagenbeck & Co. 
It has been decided now aa regards tho year 1900 that all froah 
oxpoudiliire must bo sanclloued by Mr. J. H- Ronton us the 
Represenlulivo of Iho Committee on tho Continent of Europe, 
though in llie opinion of Ihu Ooiumittee the meiboda ;:do|ited 
have been novel and popular, Karly in the past ye.ir Mr, J. P. 
Ryan as ropreaenling the Committuo |nu( iiie dirilinguialied 
honour of being received by Mis Imperial Majesty the liinporor 
of Germany and of preseuliug a speoitd Hilvor mounted chest 
of fine Ceylon Te;>, which was graclonaly nccoplod, while at tho 
saico time the oiiiiorlunity was availed of- io bring undei' 
notice tlio gift of i),000 lbs. Ceylon Tea for ilislribntiou to 
German Rpgimoula, A hearty vote o£ thanks was passed to 
Mr. Ryan for his ficrvlce.s, and for the manner in which ho had 
t the d 
Paris E.'diibilion 1,000; 
i 2,000 ; iu Austria 500 ; 
£300. 
ed lo biin iu Iho ii 
, CONTISENT OF EUROPE, 
iiT fur Iho Contiuent of Euroiio 
■n :t<-,-,.pled iiy, Mr. JJff. Kenton 
( ^1 - ilavj- of i; l,000-pl?rnnnnrn, 
Ik. Lxi^'inlcd by Wr. Renton lu 
111 Tfa under the lollowiug heads: 
n Inmce £6,(100; in Germany 
n Holland H'MO ; iu Scnudiuavia 
IX Tea in Swbdex and Norway, 
It will bo remembered that it was decided to present to 
His Mnjisty the King of Sweden and Norway ton boxes 
of fine Ciylou Toa ou tho aUBjncioua occiision af His Majeaty'a 
Soventieli anniversary of his Bii'thdiiy. Tho Tea was jiaokcd 
iu handsoue silver bound boxes made of ilio various kinds of 
the Dnea Ciiylou woods, and, Ihe gift wiis very grueionsly 
acceptedby His Majesty, and his best thanks couveyed early 
iu 1899, 
' COOLOARUIE EXHIDITION, 1899. 
Thoiccountssubmilled by Mr. A. P. Waldoek, who w.is 
in ehargeof the Tea innl Other exhibits from Ceylon at the 
Cool^.mlb Exhibirion,are annexed. It seems doubtful whether 
ditiin-, ilDug'h d'oublle.'iS llio best was' made of the Exhibl'iiou 
fur pusliLig and advcrlisiug Ceylon Tea, 
ADVIIRTHNlj CEYLOX TEA 
KaILW.'Y CARRIAClliS OK THE GOVEH: 
Tlieili'ii of availing of Iho 1 
Sketch Memo. Shoivixg Credits Payable akd 
Available Balances, 
Credits. Payments, Balances. 
Ceyloii Tea i 
Do. 
Do, - 
Ra. 
Rb, 
53,813-12 46,510-21 7,3'02-9] 
3,0i7'62 - 3,047-63 
48,137 14 31,75261 16,384-53 
itmg 1) 
■ railw 
elaev 
cry 
and il 
.M.ii 
glad t 
of the extUent pholographa dB|iiolLug iho Ceylon Tea Indns- 
try latolyi seleclcil in connectiou with the Pari^i K^liibitii.u, 
There cat|be no doubt that tho atteutiuti of the iniiuei ous visit- 
ore who javel^by the iwlway^ wjill be ilr.iwn lo lIii- ]m'tiires, 
The Dietetic Vai.i;e of Ceylo.v Tea. 
Mr.M. Kelwuy U.imber's Pamphlet ou the Dietetic Value 
of Ceylm Tea has beeu widely circulated, and cannot fail to 
create itlgrcsl, and lu dr;iw allentiou to the imporL^mt sab- 
Soulh Africa,. 
OorniAuy 
UO. Belgium and 
Holland ... 500'00 — 
Do. Agricultural 
Chemist ... 15,000-00 15,000'00 
Paris International Exhibition, 
1,900 
Represenlativo tlo. 
Ceylon Green Teas ... 
Ceylon Tea in Norway 
Re|>resejUative in Amerii 
Ceyloii Te,i in Swodeu 
Ceylon Tea in Austria and 
Hungary ll.OOO'Ol) 
CoolgardieE,xhibition, 1899... 7,501l'0O 
"Times of Ceylon" "Art Supple- 
ment" 835'0O 
Bamber'a"Diotolic Pamphlet" SOO'OO 
Couiiuisaioner for the Couliiient 
of Europe 45,000'00 
Proaentnlion to Admiral Dewey 1 ,451-60 
Ceylon Tea iu Manila ,.. 750'00 
30,000-00 — 
, 7,.')0O-00 — 
, 30,00000 9,96390 
1,139-24 1,009'24 
, 150,000-00 149,695-60 
1,875'00 332-41 
30,000-(IO 
7,500-00 
20,037-XO 
130'pU 
304-40 
1.512-5& 
1,056-19 
Ra.., 400,038-72 400.033-72 
Ceylon Green Teas . 
Baxk Balances, 
National Bank of India, Limited, Colombo 1 
Do, No. 2 Account 
To babinco payable-still uuder credits opened 
for Ceylon Tea (New Markets) Fnnd as 
per skelch memo .,, 
By Balance in Bank ... 
Amount still required... Rs. 2,529-03 
Kandy, 3Ist December, 1899. 
Xd. 
(Initialled) J, D. F. 
Sketch Memo, Showixg Advaxcbs Aoaixst Credits 
Opened as at 30th Jtjxu, 1899. 
1898 Agricultiind Chaiiiist ... Rs, 3,75U'0O 
1899 do. „ 7,50000 Ra, 11,350'00 
1898 Ceylou Tea in Austria i 
Hungary 
1893 Ceylon Tea in Rnssia 
17,137-01 
1,943.81 
1899 Ceylon Tea iu Norway 
1899 Representative iu America --. 
1898 Coolgnrdie Exhibition, 1899.,. Rs. 
1) JOHN GtlTlinn;, 
Sketch Mbuo, Showing Credits Payaule an 
Availadlb Balasoes as at 30th June l89ii! 
Oroditfl, Paymonta, Bab 
Ra. 
Agricultuiid Chemlat ... IS.OOO'OO 
Since i)ald ... ... — 
Green Tea ... .., 30,000.00 
Since paid ... ... — 
Ceylon Tea iu Germany ... 18,137'11 
e paid 
Since paid 
1 Austria and 
3,00000 
... 53,813-12 
1,139-24 
7,500.00 
Ceylon Tea in Russia 
Since paid 
Coyion Tea iu Nor^vay 
Since paid ... ... _ 
Roproaenlalivo in America 150,000-00 
Since paid ... ... — 
Coolgardio Exhibition 
Since paid 
Coyion Tea In aonlb .\lr 
Ceylon Tea In llLl^iiiiii , 
Holland 
Paris Exhlbitinn, I'.iiiii 
Art Supplement "Tiniei 
Ceylou" 
Coyloii Tea iu Sweden 
Since paid 
Rb,... 313.337-12 
Rs. 
11,250-00 
5,889-50 
17,317-01 
1,943-81 
Kb. 
3,750-00 
2-l,UO'rjO 
820-13 
1,056-19 
21,146-52 
750-00 
1899 Coyion Tea In Sweden „, „ a32'41 
Us, Hi8,0I8-13 
' (Initialled) J. D, F. 
CEYLON TEA (NEW IfARKETS) POND.-COLLEC- 
TION FOR YEAR 1899 i 
r isT January to 30th Juxe, iggg. 
Paid iu porColonial Treasurer proceeds of iho levy Rg, cts. 
imposed on Tea during December, 1898 ... 19,a39 05 
Paid iu per Colonial Treasurer proceeds of the levy 
imposed ou Tea during January, 1899 ... 16,511 31 
Paid in perCoiouial Treasurer proceeds of tlio levy 
iiupoaed ou Tea during February, 1899 ... 20,191 25 
Paid iu per Colonial Treasurer proceeds of tho levy 
Imposed ou Tea during March, 1S99 ... 19,558 63 
Paid In pur Colonial Treasurer proceeds of the levy 
imposed on Ten during December, 1398 ... 685 20 
Paid in uor Colouial Treasurer proceeds of tho levy 
imposed on Tea during April, 1899 ... lS,m 6i) 
Paid in per Colonial Treasnrer proceeds of tho levy 
imposed on Tea dnriug May, 1899 ... 25,151 ST 
Ra. 120,082 13 
CEYLON TEA (SEW MARKETS) FUND, 
From 1st July to 31st Deceuber, 1899. 
Paid in per ColoniulTroasurerproceedsof tho levy Re. cIb; 
imposed on Tea during Jnue, 1899 ... 28,890 3& 
Paid in per Colonial Treasurer proceedBof the lovy 
imposed on Tea during July, 1899 „. 24,178 66 
Paid iu per Colonial Treasurer proceeds of tho lovy 
impo'^i-d on T^a doriog August. 1809 ... 19,954 33 
Piiiil in iior Colonial Treasurer proceed a of tho levy 
imposed ou Tea during September, 1899 ... 23,436 67 
Paid in per Colonial Treasurer proceeds of Ihe lovy 
imposed on Tea dnring October, 1899 ... 19,967 99 
Paid In per Colonial Treasurer proceeds of the lovy 
Imposed on Tea during November, 1899 .., 19,183 7G 
Rs. 135,GU 37 
825-00 
■i253 
RECAPITDLATIOI/!" 
Ceylou Ten (Now Marketa) Fund, Receipts from 
January lo 30th Juno ... ... Rs, 120,082 13 
Do, do. do, July to 31et Dec, „ 135,611 37 
E, & 0. E. Ra. 25.^693 50 
Kuudy, aist December, 1899. 
Anditcd and fonnd correct. 
(Signed) J, D. FORBES, a.S.A.a., 
