April 1, 1899.] Supplement to the " Tropical Agrimltwist.^' 
739 
Prof. Church reports on the seeds of I. Unifolia 
as follows : — 
Wattr ... ... ... 9-3 
Albuminoids (from tot:il nitrogen) 3'J'3 
Soluble carbohydrates (by difference) 43-4 
Oil 30 
Fibre ... ... ... 65 
Ash ... ... ... 3-5 
The nutritive ratio is 1 : 1'47 
The nutTitire value is 8-4 
The phenol method showed 22 2 per cent of 
albuminoids. 
TKOUT BEE5DIXG AND STOCKING OF 
STREAMS. 
The annexed memorandum drawn up by the 
officer in charge of the Government Trout Hatchery 
at Jonker's Hoek, giving instructions for tlie 
hatching of trout in a simple and inexpensive 
manner, and the transport of fly and stocking 
of streams &c., is published for the information and 
guidance of persons interested in Trout acoli- 
malization in Colonial waters. 
WATERS SUITABLE FOE TBOUT. 
The trout being an inliabitant of fresh waters 
may be placed in perennial rivers, or in lakes 
and dams of clear waters, and into which a 
stream of clear water is always rauniug, or 
which miy be fed by bottom springs. Trout 
will not sacceed ia waters that become stagnant 
and muddy at times, or in rivers that dry up in 
summer. In dams and lakes water plants are 
of great advantage, both as food producers and 
also as a benefit to lish ; jjlants absorb carbon* and 
give out oxygen, while flsh absorb oxygeu and give 
out carbon*, so by placing the two tuge'her 
we are taking advantage of nature's age icies and 
also materially assisting in keeping the watfr 
clearer and wholesome to the fish during the liot 
summer month?. When planting trout in a river 
or pond a little knowledge of the habits of the 
fi.-,h at the spawning season will be o^ great 
be iefit. AVhen trout are ready to deposit their 
spawns they repair up stream as far as they cm 
get, even lea'vin;; tlie river and going up small 
side stre:ims and rivulets with hardly enough 
■wat<?r to cover them. Having chosen a suitable 
bed ot gravel and loose stoned, they cfimmenco 
by digging out a bed for their eggs ; this is done 
by s*raping out the gravel and small stones with 
their fins and tail, thus causing an eddy in 
which they deposit their spawn. Tlie eddy 
prevents the spawn from being washed away by 
the stream until they are covered by the parent 
fish as they work, and also materially assists 
in the fertilization of the ova. As soon as the 
trout have con'.pleted spawning they return to 
their old haunts, h aving the eg^s to take care 
of themselves. Here again we have a jirovision 
of nature for the i)rotection of the ova ; for by 
placing the eggs in so small a stream they are 
safe from any larger fisii that would otherwise 
prey on them whea Ini clang out, and they are 
also safe from being was .(.d away by heavy 
rains, a-i niig'.it be the case wore they left in the 
• No. doubt a misprint lor carbotiic acid — Yid. A.M. 
larger river. Therefore it is necessary for us to 
assist nature by placing eyed ova and the yoimg 
fish in similar pi ices as would be chosen by 
the parent fish themselves, and there leave them 
to their own resources. 
TRAy-SPOKT GF YOUNG FISH. 
When trausporliug fry any distance to a river 
or lake it is necesaary ihat there should be as 
little delay on the journey as possible ; nothing 
ought to be left to chance, but all anangements 
should be made beforehand. One hoar's delay 
may prove fatal to the fish, when all trouble 
and expense would count for nothing. When 
travelling, the fry are safe under ordinary circum- 
stances, as the water in splashing about inside 
the carriers mixes with the air, thereby supplying 
the fish with oxygen which is necessary for their 
existence ; but when left standing still for any 
time the air in the water becomes exhausted 
and the fish will die not for want of luater but for 
want of air. In cases where they have to stand 
for an hour or more some person must attend to 
them, and on any .sign of any of the fish turning 
sick and coming near the top, they may be revived 
by taking one side of the carboy and lifting it 
up and down for a short time, this causes the 
water inside to splash about and take in a fresh 
supply of air. A few simple rules may be laid 
down for guidance, such as : — 
Keep the water as cool as possible, travel 
quickly, don't let the sun shine on the carboys 
and carriers if it can be avoided ; don't cover 
the top closely, but allow as much air to get 
inside as possible ; a wet blanket put around the 
carboy or carrier on a warm day is a great 
assistance in keeping the water cool. 
When arriving at the stream into which the 
fry are to be put (a suitable place having been 
previously selected for them) the first thing to be 
done is to ascertain if the temperature of the 
water in the carriers is the same as the water in 
the stream ; if so, then the fish may safely be 
turned out. But sliould it happen that the waters 
vary in temperature, then tlie water in the carriers 
must first be brought to the same degree as the 
stream, for should the fish be turned suddenly into 
water ten degrees higher or lower the chance is 
that it may kill most of them. The desired result 
may be obtained in the following manner: first, 
fill the carriers up with water from the stream, 
pouring in steadily, then pour off say half (taking 
cire none of the fry escape) and fill up again; 
repeat if necessary, or until the water in the carboy 
is the same degree of temperature as the stream. 
The fry may then be turned out into a clean bucket, 
sink the bucket in the stream, and quietly turn it 
over, when all the fish will come out. 
[Here follows a diagram of a " Trout Hatchery " 
which is not reprodtice 1.] 
The first and most imp)rtant consideration 
for a tiput hatchery is to obtain a good supply 
of suitable water for the purpose. All waters 
are not suitable; spring wnter is often too cold, 
and even allowing that it m ly answer very well for 
incubating the ova, is not always good for rearing 
young trout, as it some'-imes contains mineral 
matter of different sorts. 
\ very good test of water is to ascertain if 
it contains a good supply ol insect life, for where 
iu-ect life abounds trout will generally succeed, 
