816 
Supplement to the " Tropical AyrkuUunst." 
[May 1, 18yy. 
bulled outg, wbile of digebtible carbohydrates 
(such as btaicb, sugar, dextrin, etc.), it yobiesses 
a higher proportiori than hulled oats, uluioit the 
same as wheat, and slightly le^s than rye or 
barley. With the exception of oats, Indian corn 
contains nearly the same quantity of proteid 
matters as the other leading cereal--. 
In this connection it is interesting to note that 
manual labour in tlie southern part of the United 
States is performed almost exclusively on a diet 
of Indian corn bread and fat pork. 
It 13 suggested by the Ueparinent of Agriculture 
that the systematic cultivation of especially 
selected seeds should be commenced at once \vitli 
a view to increasing the jjercentagH of proteid 
as the ratio of nitrogenous to other digestible 
CoiiStitueuls is, at present, rather low. 
Maize Oil. 
In the manufacture nf starch and glucose, and 
of oome varieties of muize meal, the germ of the 
grain, which contains the larger proportion of oil, is 
Witracled. From this germ an oil of considerable 
economic value is e.xpressed, while the residue 
forms a nutritious food material, fully equal to 
that obtained by the expression of the oil from 
ordinary oil seeds. Maize oil is easily purihed, 
and forms a light amber-coloured transparent 
liquid, without rancidity and of a pleasant taste. 
It has been used to some extent as a salad oil, and 
aho as a lubricant, and having good burning pro- 
perties as an iUuminant. The coarser vanclies of 
the oil are used in soap manufacture. The com- 
mercial value is stated to be fully equal to that of 
cotton seed oil. 
COMPO -nXON AND PROPB ^TIKS ok THK bTALKS. 
Until a few years ago the stalks of maize were 
considered of little value for feeding or other 
purposes, although the blades of the sti.lks have 
been used as a cattle-food from the earliest times. 
The proportions of the different parts of maze 
stover are: 
Leaves aud husks 6y2 per cent. 
Stalk without pith 24-5 „ 
Pith ^ 
The average chemical composition ot the air- 
dried stover is as follows: 
Moisture 9-80 per cent. 
Proteids ... "I'^l » 
Ether extract (oil etc-) ... 2-37 „ 
Crude fibre ... 28'29 „ 
Ash „ 
Carbohydrates (other than crude 
fibre ... •lO'^^ »> . 
Maize stover, in one form and another, is now 
bei-o largely ui-ed as fodder, and in s ime districts 
its u'se excludes even that of clover and timothy 
hay The stover is usually finely shredded, as this 
not only increases the quantity which becomes 
available for food, but al-o leaves the manure in a 
better condition for spreading on the field. The 
pith is also removed from the stalks, as it is much 
less degestible. 
Manufactdeb op Starch and Glucose. 
The bulk of the starch used in the United States 
is made from Indian corn, there being only small 
quantities made from potatoes and cassava. The 
■yield of starch is good, about 60 to 65 per cent, 
being available. In its preparation the grains are 
grst gofteued ia liot v?ater, and tlnjn crusUea to a 
tine pulp between stones or rullers Tiie pulp is 
now transferred to shakere, lined with flue cloth, 
and the starch wa«lied through the meshes by 
means of a current of water : it is allowed toeettle, 
and the supernatant liquid having beea poured oS. 
the moist block* are removed and allowed to dry. 
When the product is required for cooking purp oses 
it undergoes further purification- 
The manufacture of grape sugar or glucose from 
muiz-j starch is now an extensive industry in the 
Unii'ed Stales, about 4O,(XK),OU0 bushels of cjrn 
being Used annually The product known commer- 
cially as grape sugar is solid, and is employed as a 
substitute for malt in tlie brewing of beer and ale. 
Another product known as glucose, is a thick 
colourless syrup, which is used in the preparation 
of table syrups as well as for confectionery, and 
for nduUeriiting molasses and honey. 
MANCFACTUUK of WUISKV AND ALCOHOI. 
It is estimated that moie whisky is now made 
in the Uni',ed States, from Indian corn, than fiom 
all other grai'iscombined. The product is geiierully 
known a? "Bourboti," to di-tinguish it from rye 
wl',isk5'. The prrcess of manufacture is an-ilog'>u3 
to tliat used in the preparation of whisky from other 
cereals. The starch is converted into fermentable 
sugars by diaslatic action, and the resulting ma-h 
fermented and distilled. \ considerable quantity 
of alcohols bel'inging to the "fusel oil " .--eries is 
produced, but the-^e may be removed by allowing 
the whisky to mature a sufliciently long tim?. 
The distillation of alcohol consumesabout 15,0'>J,0(X) 
bushels of Indian corn annu^illy. 
The glutinous and other residues from the 
manufacture "f sturch glucose and alcohol were 
formerly regarded as wii^te material, but it has 
bee I found tha', after ca eful drying, they furnish 
a cattle food, the nut itive value of which is fully 
equal to that of " Brewers' grains." 
THE TRINIDAD GOVERNMENT I'ARMS. 
The Annual Report on this institution for 1898 
has reached us, as we go to press, and we give 
below a short extract from it referring to the 
working of the Dairy, reserving further notes for 
another issue ; — 
The quantity of milk produced was somewhat 
less than the previous year : this was due to the 
young polled cattle being allcwed more to keep 
up their growth. Though the quantity of milk 
dispatched to the medical institutions was less, 
the yield from the same number of cows as 
milked last ye ir (•>!>) has increased from a daily 
qiiaiiitty of 3G0 quarts to 386 quarts this ye ir, 
an<l from a yield per cow of about 5 quarts to 
exactly 7 quarts at the present time. This 
increase is due to good feeding and better milki'ig. 
As the Farm lands have been verj' much reduced 
and therefore cannot carry an increased herd, it is 
satisfactory to know that with good mmagememt 
Qur cows can be induced to re-pond to such 
treatment, and that a comparatively small herd 
well handled will give as g md and perhaps better 
re-~ults than a large herd which is apt to get 
beyond profitable control witli the class of labour 
at command. 
The cost of production of the milk was 3| cents 
p_er quart, i ceat lower tUaa last year aad 1^ ctofi 
