242 
THE TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURIST. [Oct. 1, 1903. 
the experience of the Ceylon Fishing Club is 
identical. 
This Itnowledge caused the Nilgiri Game Asso- 
ciation to turn their attention to the Salmo 
irride'.is (the rainbow trout), which was reported 
to be already established in Ceylon ; but owinp; 
to a series of disasters, usually attributable to 
the apathy of the people on board ship, in neglect- 
ing to put fresh ice round the box containing the 
ova, two consignments successively arrived in a 
hopeless condition. 
A consignment of some 20,000 ova reached 
Ootacamund in excellent condition early in 1902, 
but some of the best looking eggs never hatched 
at all, probably from having been frozen, whilst 
the mortality amongst those which did batch out 
was so great that only some 300 survived to be 
turned out into a pond at Pykara. Bad luck did 
not cease here, as a record flood burst the dam and 
the fish were probably all swept into the river ; 
and nothing further is known about them. It 
is believed that during the current season a large 
number of ova S. irridens will be imported, and 
should luck attend the operations, there is no 
reason to doubt vhat the fishing here, in a few 
years, may be as good as it is at present * in 
Ceylon, where the success has been so great that 
a fair basket of fish can be made (even with the 
minimum limit of 11 inches), and strangers gladly 
pay as much for a day's fishing as they would on 
a fifst-rate river in England. 
Kegarding other fish here, Jit should be re- 
marked that with the exception of two species of 
minnow there is no indigenous fish on the Hills. 
The late Mr. Mclvor and other keen sportsmen 
introduced many tench and carp into the Oota- 
caiTiund lake, and it is the pursuit of these fish, 
which have increased out of all proportion, owing 
to the absence of any predatory fish to keep 
them in order, which forms so large a part of the 
day's work of the Bazaar population. Masheer, 
Malabar carp and the lesser barillus also have 
been turned into the lake, Trout have not been 
seen there, but there are some large fish which 
rise in a suspicious way at times. Whether trout 
are there or not cannot make much difference, as 
the lake is unsavoury and too weedy to fish with 
any pleasure. The barilli can be seen rising in 
great numbers any evening in the warm weather. 
The history of the Marliamund reservoir is 
somewhat similar. It has been stocked from 
time to time and is known to contain Carnatic 
carp and tench ; but nothing farther is known. 
The Municipality have wisely forbidden fishing 
there for the public. The Pykara river was 
stocked with Malabar carp some years ago by 
the late Mr. Wapsliare (and perhaps others.) It 
now swarms with fish, mostly small, about 4^ lb. 
being the largest one which has been landed. 
The average is about | lb. and they give excel- 
lent sport. In future it is believed that an 
ordinary K39 game licence will be necessary in 
order to permit of this river being fished. 
There are few places in India where Mahseer 
fishing is so easily obtainable a,S the Bhowani river. 
It can be reached in some six hours ; but it is much 
to be feared that dynamite has ruined this once 
splendid river. Fish are caught still, it is true, 
but not one where there used to be 20. The often 
repeated story is, blasting operations, pay day, 
'* here's a cartridge," " you bring some fish," and 
it must be remembered that the native of this 
country, far from thinking it discrjeditable to des- 
troy little and big fish all together, is merely con. 
vinced that not using dynamite when he can, is 
merely another form of master's madness ; so also 
is the astonishing fact that he should stand in the 
sun and try and catch a fish, when he can buy it in 
shandy. Whatever the cause may be, it is a fact 
that miles and miles of the Bhowani are destitute 
of fish altogether. The Moyar on the north is 
another fine river. Dyjiaraite there has also done 
its work, but there is very fair Malabar carp fishing 
to be had, and the river can be reached in about 
seven or eight hours from Ootacamund. — M. Mail. 
PEODUCE AND PLANTING. 
A COFFEE SUBSTITUTE. 
A correspondent of the " Grocer," referring 
to the felling-o£E in the consumption of coffee, 
expresses the view that cofifee subatitatea may have 
something to do with the diminution. He calls 
attention to the following cironlar : " Prospectus re- 
lating to the sale of British patent— (subject, A New 
Substitute for Coffee; inventor, Dr A Griinfeld). — 
Dr Grunfeld, a well-known physician, has, after 
careful study, invented an exact and htwmleas sabsti-. 
tute for coffee in the forni of a liquid extract. The 
ingredients of the mannfaotare are extremely cheap, 
so that a very large percentage of profit should be 
made. Shortly described, the method of preparing 
the snbatitute is as follows : The ingredients are 
horse-chestnuts, sodium chloride, potash, sugar, and 
water. 
Beferring to the 
COFFEE TRADE 
of the United States the correspondent of a contem- 
porary says ;" The United States Government report 
on May 30 shows that about 80 per cent of the imports 
came from Brazil, 8 per cent from other South Ameri- 
can countries, 8.3 per cent from Central America and 
Mexico, and less than 2 per cent from the East Indies. 
And yet Java Coffee and Mocha is sold in nearly all 
stores as the leading coffee. If Brazil could have the 
credit for the really fine coffee it sends from the Santos 
district, the planters would get more for their product . 
It is possible to buy for 6d or 8d coffee grown in Central 
America, Venezuela, or Brazil that will roast as well 
§.ad make as fine a beverage as East India coffee, cost- 
ing lOJd or Is." 
At the meeting of the 
DUMOUNT COFFEE COMPANY 
held last week, Mr H K Kutherford, the Chairman of 
of the Company, stated that the results recorded in 
the last report were the worst the Company had ex- 
perienced. Beferring to the position of the Brazilian 
coffee industry, Mr jRutherford said ; " At no time I 
believe in the history of coffee have there been such 
vast interests at stake, the fate of which, I do not 
think it is an exaggeration to say, hang this year 
trembling in the balance. As naturally there must be 
many Shareholders who do not follow the movements 
in what is known as the coffee crisis in Brazil, I can- 
not perhaps do better than begin by quoting the words 
of President Bodriqaes Alvea in his Message to the 
country. He said in that Message, ' The fall of prices 
of our staple product is disheartening to producers 
whose labours are almost fruitless. . . . The 
various classes of farmers and planters who have so 
honourably and with such sacrifices faced the gravest 
and most terrible difSicnlties must find an echo, each 
and all of them, in my administration, whose chief 
aim it is to attenuate the effects of a situation so 
precarious' ; and in the mouth of May last at 
the opening of the Congress he said. ' The eco- 
nomical situation, though onsitisfaotory, is not 
hopeless. It is due mainly to the help- 
lessness of the coffee producers in face of over-produc- 
tion. Their concerted efforts to counteract some of 
the evil effects of the crisis deserve aid from the 
public powers.' These utterances, by the head of the 
State, will serve to shqw you ^he gravity of the 
