dupphment to the "Tropical Agriculturist." 
[Oct. 1, 1S03. 
crushed and the greater part of the oil expressed, 
a cake which possesses valuable feeding properties. 
" In Germany, France, and Belgium it has for 
some time been considered as one of the better 
cattle-foods, and although up to the present ia 
England its consumption has been limited, the 
trade in it appears to be now developing, 
" Like the refuse cake obtained by crushing 
other oil seeds, such as linseed, cotton seed, etc., 
it is of a decidedly concentrated nature, and the 
daily ration per cow or bullock only amounts to 
some few pounds. 
" Its composition naturally varies according to 
the amount of oil expressed from the nut, but the 
following analyses may be quoted in illustra- 
tion : — 
Muler, Voelcker- 
9-6 10-77 
11-8 8-47 
31-9 47-44 
37-8 22-27 
4-3 4-53 
4-6 6-52 
Moisture . , , 
Oil .... 
* Albuminoids 
Starch, digestible fibre, etc. 
Woody fibre 
Mineral matter 
100-0 100 00 
* Containing nitrogen . . 7-59 
*' These analyses show that the material is a 
highly nitrogenous food and the residual manurial 
value of the dung will be high, since the same 
contains the greater part of the nitrogen and mineral 
matter. It is as well to point out, however, that 
these good qualities are attributable to the nut and 
not lo the shell. 
" The latter consists principally of indigestible 
woody fibre, and ou the careful exclusion of this 
part of the fruit will depend in a great measure 
the success of the earth-nut cake as a food for 
English stock. Its separation before crushing- 
presents no difficulties, and the cake, which has 
been latterly placed on the English market, has 
been fairly free from it. The following analyses 
of the shell and kernel, which I have made of a 
•ample of the nut bought in the bazaar, may be 
quoted as showing the differences that exist between 
them : — 
Shell. Kernel* 
Moisture .... 7-35 470 
Oil 2-80 49-25 
* Albuminoids . . 7-57 29-09 
Starch, digestible fibre, etc. ]3-73 13-21 
Woody fibre . . . 65-35 1-65 
Mineral matter . . 13'20 210 
100-00 10000 
* Containing nitrogen . 1'21 4-65 
" In a report to which reference will be made 
immediately, Dr. Voelcker remarks : The prin- 
cipal objections to its use are that, owing to the 
rough method of pressure employed, the cake i» 
often apt to have some amount of horse-hair and 
bits of rough sacking (fiom the bags used in press- 
ing out the oil) attached to it, and that it is very 
liable to turn rancid and to become sour.' 
"A comparative experiment on its value as a 
food.for cattle was carried out during the winter 
of 1891-92 at th« Royal Agricultural Society of 
England's Experimental Farm, the results of which 
(published in E. A. S. E. Journal, Vol. iii. T. S.) 
may be here nppropriately quoted. Three lots of 
Hereford bullocks were fed during 107 days, the 
first receiving linseed cake as the concentrated 
food, the second lot beans, oats and barley, and 
the third, earth-nut cake, oats and barley ; in each 
case hay and roots were also given ad libitum. At 
he commencement Lot I received 6 lb. per head 
per day of linseed cake, which was gradually 
increased to 12 lb.; Lot II. received 6 lb. (2 lb. of 
each) of beans, oats and barley per head per day, 
which was gradually increased to 12 lb. of the mix- 
ture ; atid Lot III. received 6 lb. (2 lb. of each) of 
earth-nut cake, oats and barley per head per day, 
which was also gradually increased to 12 lb. 
" The following tabulated statement shows the 
results : — 
h 00 
S.ES 
2.2 S 
6 Bnlloclf s (Lot 1) 2 03 
9 Bullocks (Lot lU 2'01 
4 B 11 CKsCLot 111 2-19; 
Stones lb. £ s. d. £ s. d. 
101 2 23 12 6 3 17 In 
100 n. 33 7 8 3 6 0 
99 7 23 6 3 3 4 9 
"Having regard only to the actual gain in live 
weight, the earth-nut cake ration gave a somewhat 
better result than the others, whilst conver.-ely it 
stands third iu the list if the carcass weights bs 
compared, the difference being, however, not great. 
If iu addition the money values realised for each 
lot be considered together with the cost of the 
additional foods, the difference is likew <» but 
trifling. It must be noted also that the prices of 
linseed cake and of earth-nut cake will vary ac- 
cording to the state of the market (that of linseed 
cake was £10-5 in the case cited) and such market 
fluctuations would readily alter differences so 
slight as the above." 
In a pamphlet (issued very possibly by the trade 
entitled " How to Tell the Value of Feeding Stuffs ," 
it is pointed out (in connection with the above 
practical test) that " had a trial been made with 
equal quantities of brewer's grains and ground-nut 
cake, as against linseed cake, we should expect a 
different result, both as regards weight of carcass 
and cost of feeding." The gentleman who kindly 
supplied me with the above pamphlet has given 
the following analysis of Calcutta ground-nut cake 
alongside of which may be placed another analysis 
by Tusou ; — 
Tuson. Calcutta, 
Water 9-58 ]010 
Nitrogenous matter . . 42-81 48"o5 
Oil 7-40 9-16 
Carbo-hydrates . , . 27-63 22'53 
Cellulose . . . ■ . 7*87 4-7S 
Salts (ash) . . . . 4*71 4-9S 
100-00 100-00 
Professor Eobertson (Journ. Royal Agri. Society* 
September, 1893), after stating that he found horses 
throve best on a mixture of equal weights of thii 
cake and corn, — the cake being broken into spaall 
