Nov, 2, 1903.] Supplement to tJw ''Tropical Agriculturist.'' 
369 
(6.) Kamala ia like the last better known on 
the Continent, and ia also very effective. As an 
adjunct to male fern it has been found a very 
valuable remedy. Doses, 15 to 30 grains for 
adults, 3 to 15 grains for puppies. The medicine 
is given in gruel or oil. 
The doses for tapeworm in the cat are arecanut, 
5 to 30 grains ; extract of male fern, 10 to 20 
minims; kuosso, 20 minims to 1 dram; kamala, 
10 to 30 grains. 
The doses for tapeworm in sheep, cattle and 
horses are arecanut. 2 drams ; terpentine, 1 dram ; 
kamala, 1^ dram ; extract of male fern, I dram ; 
liquor arsenecalis, 4 drams ; or a mixture of 
1 dram sulphate of iron and salt in the food. 
The foregoing recommendations are taken from 
an article by Frof. MacDougall, M.A., D.Sc, in 
the last volume of the Highland Agricultural 
Society's Transactions. 
We would remind our readers of the necessity 
for making due allowance for the size of local 
animals as compared with those of the larger 
breeds for which the doses are intended, and 
that the relation of the quantity of a drug to the 
weight of the animal should be considered. 
Powdered pumpkin seed (about a tea spoonful) 
is another remedy given on the authority of Mr. 
G. S. Saxton, c.c.s., in our issue of October, 1902. 
Kamala is a powdery substance obtained as 
a glandular pubescence from the exterior of the 
fruits of Mallotus philippinensis {Rottlera tinc- 
toria) a plant occurring in Ceylon and known in 
Sinhalese as Hamparila, and in Tamil as Kalila- 
podi. 
Kousso is the product of Brayera anthelmintica. 
GENERAL ITEMS. 
At an Agricultural Conference organised by the 
Department of Agriculture of Queensland, the 
following resolution was passed: — "That the 
Conference ia pleased to note that the Elucational 
Department had recommended school teachers, 
especially those residing in the country districts, 
to use as much as possible, object lessons for the 
purpose of acquainting pupils with elementary 
agricultural scenice; to institute, where practicable, 
experiments on a small scale in the school ground ; 
and to encourage pupils in the collecting of speci- 
mens of natural and agricultural products to be 
displayed in the school-rooms." 
In reply to a correspondent the Queensland Agri- 
culturist says that "Tapioca and starch are made 
from the Cassava (manioc) root, but sago is derived 
from the sago palm, Cycas circinalisP We 
would point out that the sago palm is Metroxylon 
Sagu. Cycas is not a member of the palm 
family, but belongs to the Cycadaceae — a gymnos- 
permous order. 
To get rid of cockroaches, says a contemporary, 
put small quantities of boracic acid into the 
nooke and corners where they are found, and in a 
couple of months they will have disappeared. But 
naphthaline should answer quite as well we think. 
"Manna" is produced by the Dendrocalamut 
strictus, the male or solid bamboo in the form of a 
white brittle gum similar to what is seen exuding 
from Odina loodier (Sin., Hik). On analysis 
this manure revealed the following composition; 
Water, 2-66; Glucose, -75; Ash, -96; Sugar, 95-63. 
The three chief manures imported into Bombay and 
used in India are (1) Taranjabin obtained from the 
Camel Thorn {Alhalgi camelorum and A. mauro- 
rum) growing in Persia and called " Manure of the 
Desert " ; it consists of a peculiar sugat called 
melizilore and cane-sugar. (2) Gurangabin, a 
product of Persia and Arabia, collected from the 
Tamarisk {Tamarix galKca); it consists of cane- 
sugar, inverted sugar, dextrin and water, (3) 
Shirkhist is the name for the white granular 
masses found in Persia on the shrub Cotoneaster 
nummularicc. These manures are valued for their 
aperient, expectorant and tonic properties, and 
their supposed virtue in strengthening the liver, 
stomach and intestines. 
Mannas of minor importance are those secreted 
by the Pines {Pinus excelsa) in the Himalayas, the 
Eucalyptus viminalis on the Nilgiris, and the wild 
plantain {Musa superba in the Bombay Presidency. 
The European manure is chiefly derived from the 
ash of Sicily {Fraivinus rotundifolia), and occa- 
sionally there is collected what is known as 
Briacon manna from the larch trees {Pinus larix) 
of the South of France. 
Castor oil finds an important application in 
Turkey red dying being converted into Turkey 
red oil by the action of strong sulphuric acid 
and subsequent neutralisation with alkali. The 
purgative principle is, so far as we know, not 
yet identified. Tuson's " ricinine " is stated by 
himself to be non-purgative. The greater part 
of the active principle appears to be left ia tlie 
pressed seeds ; its isolation and examination, 
and the estimation of the amount present in 
the oil and the pressed cake has yet to be 
worked out to satisfaction. 
It is not generally known how readily rats 
may be caught by means of birdlime. If it is 
desired to make a colony desert their burrows, 
it is only necessary to smear a little round the 
entrances. If it is desired to catch them, the 
best way is to dress plenty of straws and spread 
them thickly on the ground around the burrows. 
Among the straws throw some attractive bait — malt 
sprinkled with oil of carraway is a good draw. 
When the spot is visited next morning the straws 
will be found gathered up in little bundles, and 
in the centre of each will be found a rat, alive 
or dead according to the extent of its entanglement. 
Do not be tempted to place your foot upon 
one of those rats if it still struggles, but kill 
it with a stick. If the birdlime is to be used 
indoors, take a piece of stiff brown paper and put 
the sticky stuff in the centre. Birdlime can be 
easily made by boiling down linseed oil. Put th« 
oil into a tin, place the tin in a saucepan of wat«r, 
and let it boil slowy till it is of th» right 
thickness and stickiness. 
