( 150 ) 
born in Colombo, ; her mother being Aletta van 
Binloopen the daughter of Jacob van Hinloopen 
Mayor of Amsterdam (Ao 1652) and Maria Buyde- 
coper van Maarsseveen. Members of the van 
Hiloopen family are still to be found in Holland. 
As regards the Coat-of-Arms on the stone it con- 
sists of the arms of the family Bax van Herenthxl 
quartered with those of Bax de Hertoge, with a 
shield of pretence or inescutcheon of the latter 
family. No colours are indicated. The water-bottles 
or gourds are rudely depicted in the 1st and 4lh 
quarterings but the lion-leopard passant in the 
other quarteiings is well done and evidently the 
work of a European stone-cutter. — Cor, Galle, 
DUTCH ARCHITECTURE IN CEYLON. 
[BY MR J P LEWIS.] 
CHURCH BELFRIES. 
A characteristic of the Dutch in Ceylon, which 
is also found at the Cape, was their liking for 
detached belfries aa an adjunct to their churches. 
The church at Kalpitiya has one. There is another 
at Galle (which we illustrate) belonging to the 
church there, but on the opposite side of the street. 
At Colombo the belfry stands in a street at a 
considerable distance from the church, which re- 
sembles that at Vredenburg, South Africa. There 
are belfries on the walls of the forts at Jafifna 
and Mannar, and there was one on the Galle Fort, 
but ib was demolished twenty years ago. They 
consist either of four walls with a dome-shaped 
roof, as at Galle and Mannar, or with a tiled 
roof, as at Jaffna, or of two columns supporting 
anarch, as at Colombo and Kalpitiya. The church 
belfry still remaining at Galle is very picturesque, 
and had originally an ornamental vane of wrought 
iron, which has disappeared s'llce the writer first 
saw the structure. 
AS IN SOUTH AFRICA. 
The windows and doorways of the houses are 
generally of largesize, as is fitting in a tropical 
climate, and the former are glazed with small 
squaie panes, and have shutters attached to them 
as in the Cape examples shown in the Archi- 
tectural Review for October, 19C0. The house at 
Tokai (shown on page 149) or Morgenstein (on 
page 147), or Oade Pastorie at Paarl (November, 
1900), might be found any day in the Colombo, 
Pettah, with the omission, perhaps, of the centre 
gables, and with the addition of a roof on the 
brick plastered pillars forming a verandah. The 
door, windows, and general appearance of these 
houses are Ceylon-Dutch all over. The descrip- 
tijn of the old Cape houses given in these pages 
(149,152) would apply, with every slight altera- 
tion, to the Dutch houses of Ceylon. Locally 
made tiles were used for the roof instead of 
thatch, and flat tiles for the floors, also of local 
manufacture, and the timbers of the country, jak 
and satinwood, as well as teak, for the wood- 
work. For the furniture the most highly-priced 
wood was the local caiamander, which has a 
beautiful grain, and the supply of which has 
become exhausted since the Dutch left the island. 
Ebony, satinwood, jack, teak, and another local 
wood called nadun were also used. 
ORNAMKNTAL DOORWAYS. 
The "immense proportions" of the doorways 
aie features of these buildings that strike one at 
once. The doorway, Galle Fort, gives a good idea 
of the entrance and stoep of one of these houses. 
Iti this instance the roof has an ornamental 
weather-boarding of carved wood running along 
the eaves. The ^ate of the railing that fences the 
stoep off from the street is arched in a way that 
the Duoch were fond of. This form of arch is often 
seen in the panels of a door or window-shutter. A 
screen stands before the door. Ttiough the present 
example is a very plain one, these screens have 
often a good deal of carved work about them. It 
was about the doorways and doors that the Dutch 
craftsmen exercised most of their ingenuity. They 
are usualy, next to the gables, the most orna- 
mental features of the house. The doors always 
had a square window or fanlight over them, not 
for ventilation, but for the purpose of admitting 
light. Judging from the construction of their 
houses and streets, and the habits of their 
descendants in the island, the Dutch did 
not care for fresh air, and could stand any 
amount of heat. In the commoner form of 
fanlight the frame was of wood. It was some- 
times of wrought-iron work, and when this was 
used considerable variety was shown in the design. 
A fine example of wrought-iron work is shown in 
the illustration representing the fanlight of a house 
in the Jaffna pettah. Sometimes the official who 
built the house had his own initials worked into 
the design, as in this example. The Galle ex- 
amples all have an ornamental lintel supported 
by carved scroll work, all slight variations of the 
same design. The scallop shell was a favourite 
ornament both for this kind of work and on 
furniture, as well as in stone and plaster. Applied 
mouldings to the panels were, as at the Gape, 
unknown. One cannot help feeling how much 
superior both as regards picturesqueness and dura- 
bility are these old doorways to similar work of a 
later day. It is to be feared .however, that they 
will not long survive the inroads of modern 
civilisation, as the buildings to which they belong 
as well as the quarters of the towns in which they 
are situated, have decidedly gone down in the 
world. Formerly these houses were the private re- 
sidences of Dutch officials ; now they are occupied 
by small traders or serve as shops or warehouses for 
business firms. In no instance would thera be the 
slightest hesitation in demolishing them if such 
demolition were supposed to afford the least 
material advantage or convenience. 
MODE OF STRUCTURE. 
The Dutch love of wavy lines is to be seen even 
in the boundary walls of the gardens of houses in 
the suburbs, which are to be found sometimes even 
when the houses themselves have fallen into 
shapeless ruin. In Colombo the houses and walls 
are largely built of cabook, a product of dis- 
integrated gneiss, a material which does very well 
for the purpose as long as it is plastered or 
cemented over and so not exposed to the air, but 
falls rapidly to decay when the plaster comes off. 
Stone, bricks, or coral were used at Galle and 
Jaffna, and the walls of buildings constructed of 
these materials last better. Dutch cement and 
brick work was very good. The bricks are of 
the small yellow kind that were used also at the 
Cape, and were, I believe, imported from Holland, 
as they are much superior to any bricks made in 
Oeylon at the present day. 
STONE-CUTTKR'S ART. 
A few stones sculptured with coats of armsi 
monograms, names or dates of buiidiogs, and on 
