:^06 THE TKOPICAl 
Executive Engineer, Construction Division, to give 
access from the camp to tiie Kambe tank) has been 
arranged for ; also that the Deputy Commissioner, 
Hanthawaddy District, has assigned for tamporary 
occupation by the Forest Department a portion of 
waste land lying between the west edge of the 
" dangerous zone " and the Kokkaing high-road. 
This I have added to the area under cultivation 
and planted it up from last September's seedlings 
on the lines shown in plan (ii). 
5. lioadu, fmces, and huildiiiriii.— 1\i\:oi\gh the ex" 
tended portions of the plantation I have cut (and 
partly completed^ cart-track-, taking off from the 
tiinh road at the south-west corn?r of the additional 
land assigned by the Deputy Commissioner . With 
that officer's permission three huts have been er- 
ected beside the first cart-track, one as a store, the 
others as dwelling-houses for the gardeners and 
trench-coolies employed in cultivating and manuring 
the land. At the Deputy Commissioner's suggestion 
1 have marked each hut distinctly to show that it 
is Cantonment property and not to be taken as tlie 
occupant's own- This should defeat any attempt to 
prefer squatters' claims hereafter. 
6. Two streams crossing the cart-roa.ds have been 
bridged by wooden culverts, paid for as Cantonment 
conservancy works, as they serve mainly for the 
passage of the Cantonment night-soil carts. As re- 
gards fencing-in, the fouthein limit of the planta- 
tion has been left indefinite for reasons which I 
will explain at the end of this report, but temporary 
fencing is being carried out on all the other sides, 
quick-growing trees having been previously planted 
to mark the line for a permanent hedge. Belts of 
these trees have also been planted wherever the ex- 
isting jungle is 60 thin as to expose the Hevea to 
damage from high winds. 
7 Manurinrj. — As arranged prior to your depar- 
ture on privilege leave, the night-soil trenching of the 
Cantonment is now being carried out on the planted 
as well aa the uuplauted land, I have submitted a 
full report of the methods employed to the Canton- 
ment Committee (Meeting of 9th March 1900j. Where 
risk of injury to the young trees might result from 
the passage of the carts, the manuring is done 
outside on the inounding system, i. e., the night-soil 
ia mixed with dry earth and stirred till it becomes 
an inodorous, clayey mass, when it is spread out to 
dry and removed in baskets to be worked into the 
Boil near each tree. 
8. The unplanted lands are being prepared by 
the ordinary method of trenching, filling, and cover- 
ing with earth. Similarly, with the land intended 
for nurseries and for cultivation otherwise than with 
rubber (some portions are unsuitable for rubber- 
growing), except that fresh wood-Bshes and leaf- 
mould are added after covering the trenches. The 
results of manuring, so far, seem satisfactory. On 
the 7th ultimo the plantation was inspected by Major 
Davies, b. a. m. c, Bacteriologist with the Govern- 
ment of India, and Colonel Branfoot, c. r. b., Principal 
Medical officer, Rangoon district. These officers noted 
andi 1 believe, approved from a sanitary point of 
view the arrangements made for combining sewage- 
disposal with cultivation. I trust the scheme will 
meet with the approval of the Government of 
Burma. 
9, Laying out of the plantation, — Vide Enclosure (ii). 
Parallel lines 100 feet apart run throughout the length 
of the area taken up, crossed at right-angle every 
100 feet by similar lines, thus dividiug the total 
area into squares of 100 feet side whenever possible. 
On either side of every such line or cross-line the 
jungle has been cut back to a depth of 5 feet, 
thus leaving a 10 feet lane. Starting from a point 
5 feet from the intersection on either side of the 
central line a pit has been dug and a rubber tree 
planted. By this means a. path has been kept open 
for the gardeners, retaining the back-ground of 
original jungle aa shade for the young planta. As 
AGRICULTURIST. [Nov. 1, 1901. 
the trees come to maturity and seed, it is likely 
that spontaneous seedlings (as at Mergui) will spr- 
ing up, converting the sides of the 10 feet land 
into a nursery for the adjoining square of jungle. 
That square can then he subdivided into four 
squares of 50 feet side, and the dividiug lines planted 
on the same plan. These again can be further sub- 
divided and planted up until the minimum interval 
of 10 feet by 10 feet is reached. 
10. You may remember (see ^paragraph 4 and £> of 
my report Iv'o. 93-6, dated the 10th October, 1899) 
our planting out at stake, between the 31st August 
and 5th September 1899, 3,780 seeds of Hcvea Brazi- 
liemis on unprepated land. It was arratged that 
these plants should not be tended in any way, but 
simply left to nature, as an experiment made to 
ascertain whether Hevea forests could safely be started 
on such a plan. From these seeds I regret to say 
only 32 plants are now in existence. 
11. This result was not altogether unexpected, as 
the seed in question was doubtful, having been kept 
too long before it reached Rangoon. But, as I suc- 
ceeded in raising nearly 25 per cent, of plants 
from the same consignment of seeds, planted under 
shade in a prepared nursery and watered daily, the 
age of the seeds, is evidently not the only reason 
for the failure. 
12. The few trees remaining from this experiment, 
have only been saved by artificial shading, watering 
and manuving. Of 75 trees found alive on the 1st 
January 1900, the heat and drought of February 
and March have killed 43. It may not be correct 
to condemn planting out at stake as a means of 
forming Hcvca forests elsewhere in Burma, on the 
strength of this series of observations, but the re- 
sults of nursery cultivation are clearly more satis- 
factory as far as Kambe is concerned. 
13. I have tried the reproduction of Hevea by cut- 
tings a method which answers admirably for Ceara 
rubber, by the way. Of my experiments in Fara 
rubber I can report 56 successful, 56 doubtful, and 
121 failures. The uncertainity of the rains this 
season has led to an unusual number of failures 
among newly transplanted seedlings, so that the 
cuttings, come in opportunely to fill blanks. I find 
it necessary to arrange for artifi^cial shading when- 
ever a seedling or cutting is planted out, unless the 
natural jungle happens to be very thick. As the trees 
grow, the jungle can be cut back, but to 
what extent it is advisable to clear the undergros^th 
will be matter for future observation. I must say, 
however, that where weeds and under growhh 
among the plants here have been removed, none 
of the bad results observed in Ceylon and elsewhere 
have followed. 
14. There are now in the plantation — 
Hevea trees of first planting (July 1899 ... 696 
Hevea trees of second planting (Sep, 1899 . . 32 
Hevea trees put down to renlace dead trees... 29 
jSenea seedlings of 1S99 planted out 1900 .. 1,169 
flct/ea cuttings do do do .. 233 
Total trees of Para rubbber . 2,159 
15. Ceara ruhler (Manihot (/laziouii.) — The stock of 
seedlings and cuttings this year is a fairly large one, 
so much so, that in planting out I may have to 
encroach to some extent on the land reserved for 
Jievea. I have marked out a nursery at Kambe for 
the propagation of this tree, and stocked it from 
cuttings of the young trees planted last year, and 
ot o!dir trees in the Cantonment Gardens. This is 
a very hardy plant and requires on special care. 
I can easily make a large stock of young plants 
available, should Conservators of Forests in Burma 
or elsewhere require supplies. 
16. Other rubber trees and vines. — The seeds fo Cas- 
tilloa ordered by last year have not yet been re- 
ceived. The same remark applies to the Mnngabeira 
rubber, for which an order has, I understand, beea 
