436 
Supplement u ik Tropml AgmalturisV* [Dec. 2, 1901. 
to a lifcile money. He took half an acre, 
tlifcsa three ncres and the proverbial cow, then, 
wiien Jiearly sixr.y ye.ir.s of age, seized tliu 
oppoftunity to hire a small farm of fifty acres, 
winch he managed to eater and stock, except 
wit li shebp. 
To purchase these the Scawby Society granted 
him a loan of £80 on his own security, con- 
sisting of his live and dead stock and corn in 
stuck, which he insured at the instance of the 
society for £150. But for this loan the bor- 
rower would have had to sell his sheep food 
to his o'.vu loss and to the damugn of the 
farm. Having punctually discharged hi,s debt, 
he applied for a fresh loan of £+0, again to 
buy sheep, as his roots were more plentiful 
than in the previous season. The 1 >an was 
granted on the same security as before, and 
duly discharged. 
Next, one of £20 was granted, and paid off 
to the day. After a year the borrower saw a 
cbnnce of placing his sons on a small farm 
which he partially stocked for them. To do 
this, however, and replenish his own holding, 
he applied for another loan of £-50 which was 
granted on the same security, 
Tliis chain of loans, therefore, has assisted in 
starting the tenants of two small holdings and it 
is estimated that if the original borr(jwBr were 
now to go out of farming after six years he 
would have been found to have quadrujiled the 
capital with which he started. 
Case 2. — A working foreman heard of the 
ScawViy Credit Bank and deposited with it a sum 
of £50. When the chance offered of taking a 
farm of seventy-three acres, he borrowed £50 
on the security of his deposit, and a further 
£50 on that of his stock and implements and 
the guarantee of two sureties. 
Even in the present bad season this man's 
farm looks well, and, as he is hardworking and 
knows his business, his success is fairly certain. 
Case ;5. — A foreman in a commerical concern 
established himself independently in the same 
line of business, and locked up his small capital 
in manufactured goods of his own production. 
He was granted a loan by the Scawby Society 
on the security of his stock in hand and of 
two sureties. This loan was repaid and a fresh 
one for a smaller sum granted, which, after 
an extension of time, asked for on the ground 
that it would enable the borrower to eatablish 
himself, was duly repaid. This man has now 
secured a connetion of customers, and has a good 
prospect of success. 
But for these loans he would have been obliged 
to sell his first manufactured stock at a scariiice, 
and must have drifted to his old position, and thus 
lost the independence he coveted. 
It will, 1 think, be submitted that the above 
sample instances demonstrate the utility of co- 
operative people's banks more clearly than could 
be accomplished by any amount of argumei;t. 
And if these things are done in the green tree, 
what might not be done in the dry ? The 
Scawby Bank, with its tiny capital of £:;'0t', 
has in the course of a few years succeeded 
in assisting quite a number of industrious 
struggling folk to advance themselves in life 
and attain to independence. What, then, might 
not happen if there were hundreds of /such 
institutions scattered up and down the laud, 
having the strong support and sympathy of 
some central authority, and engaged, eacii of 
them, in the judicious dissemination of capital 
among deserving folk, who mutually guarantee 
Its repaymeut, that it may be used again to 
help others in their turn,^ 
It is said that the great banks would be hostile 
to any such movement, but why should they be 
hostile, seeing that the busiiie.<8 is not of the 
chiss wliicli they would care to do, and that 
being eo-operaiive, it. produces no profit except 
to tile o-opr-r itor- Oa the contrary, I believe 
that if ir. vveie jjut before them in a proper 
light, they would be glad to assist in the estab- 
lishment of such societies, seeing that these 
would in due course manufacture customers for 
them.ielve?. and, by increasing the we ilth of the 
country, give tiiera m n'e m )ne> to handle. 
The utter indifference of our Governments is, 
I think, much more to be feared than any 
hostility on the part of the large banking 
institutions. That these co-operative credit 
societies can be m de to do good work in 
England as well as on the Cmtiuent h:is, I 
think, been demonstrated by Mr. Sutton ,N'elthorpe 
and his Committee at Scawby. Pos-ibly also 
there may be other successful instances with 
which I am not acquainted, Now it remains 
for the country to follow this excellent example, 
ami thereby help to satisfy one of its most 
pressing needs — the multiplication and develop- 
ment of the desirable class of small holders. 
DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF HOUSING CATTLE 
AND CONSERVING MANURE. 
[report by the principal, cawnpoee 
AGaiCULTUEAL SCHOOL.] 
Dry Earth System. — Where litter is scarce or 
wlien the quantity of manure made in the year is 
deemed subordinate to perfect cleanliness 'of the 
shed the following method will be found the 
simplest : — 
Beat down the floor of the cattle shed with claj', 
to make it level and hard, give it a gentle slope, 
and at the bottom of the tlope have a small drain 
lined with ordinary tiles. Let this drain lead 
into a small pit holding an earthen vessel ; a 
common ghara will do very well. When the 
cattle are tied in the shed the urine soaks into the 
earth on the floor, and any extra urine not so 
soaked in, flows down the slope into the earthen 
vessel. Every morning the cattle-attendant 
removes the dung, scrapes the wet parts of the 
floor and puts over it fresh dry earth, at the rate of 
about 10 lb. for a pair of cattle. Tlie urine in the 
pot (if any) and the scrapecl earth are thrown into 
the mar.ure pit, either separate from the dung or 
along with it, according as the farmer intends 
using the urine-earth at shorter intervals than the 
dung or all together. Naturally, in this method 
also, a little more earth is necessary in rainy 
