[October i, 1891. 
the United Kingdom took 1,084,837 lb, and this year 
U[> to date, no less than 397,8931b, have gone direct 
to London from total exports aggregating 725,648 lb. 
In view of the downward tendency of finer sorts, 
. the advice of Agents in London is sound, that extra 
expense should not be incurred in the manufacture 
of fine qualities. But such are the exigencies of tr de, 
that it is reported from the principal districts that, 
while old rates still rule, advances to peelers were 
never higher ! The manufactiire is in the hnnds of 
a caste ; the lower the profits, the more anxious are 
Proprietors not to lose the season, and thereby part 
of their crop' there is a rush for peelers, and tliese 
del ght to commence their labours in debt, and most 
proprietors will that it should be so! — Local 
*' Examiner." 
■ * 
Java Cinchona Dividend. — The dividend of the 
Java CinohoDa Oompan}- '' Kertanaan.'jh " for 1890- 
91 has been fixed at 11 per cent, The Ktrta- 
manah estate is ore of av rage size. lis yield 
has inoreastd from 80 to 155 'ons in thrre etasons 
and the bark it produces averaues fr^mi 4J tn 5 per 
cent, quinine sulphate. — Chemist and Drugr/ist. 
The Colony of the Leewahd Islands. — The tex^ 
of Mr. Morris's lecture on these islands has just been 
printed in t> e journal of the Royal Colonial Institute. 
It comprises a description of the natural feitures 
of the islands and their agricultural resources. As 
in the case of agriculturists nearer home, the 
colonists have manifested a tendency to put all 
their eggs into one basket, and with more or less 
disastrous results. Thanks to the initiative of Kew, 
and the energy of Mr. Morris, " botanical " stations, 
which should rather be called agricultural stations, 
have been instituted for the purpose of introducing 
and distributing tropical and oth r plants likely to 
be of economic importance and suitable for cultiv- 
ation in particular districts such as Coffee, Tea, 
Caoutchouc in various forms, Cinchona, spices, fibre- 
plants, and so on A great federation of botanical 
and agricultural stations, with Kew as the centre, 
has been the ideal of successive directors, and now 
the ideal is being realised. Perhaps in the future 
the "West India Islands, or other suitable localities 
may be utilised as nurser es for Orchids an i other 
tropical plants, whence the home market may be 
supplied, somewhat as the propagating houses at 
Kew furni'll the decorative plants for the show 
houses. — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
The WebtAfeioan Cinchona Plantations.— From 
time to time parcels of West African cinchona 
are placed on our market, but the extent of the 
plantations in the island of Sao Thi me, where 
the bark is grown, is generally believed to be v. ry 
Bmall. That view seems to be incorrect. In 1882 
planting commenced in th« island, and sinof that 
time two millions and a half trees have been 
planted in several plantations. The trt^l exports 
from the island in 1890 amounted to 34,435 kilos., 
but a much larj-er export is ai ticipaied in the 
future, The four principal plantation owners, 
with a view to obtain a belter return for their 
money than they receive on the London market, art 
reported to have established b quinine-fuotory near 
Liabon, which was to have commi need Oj.erationB 
in May of this year, but does not npptar to he 
workinK as yet. These four proprie'ors own 
1,800,(00 trees between them. The planters nre 
endeavouring to obtain knowledge of a prcces^^ 
which will enable thtm to export, in th« plao ^ 
of bark, a liquor con airing from 25 to 30 per* 
cent, of quinine, lo be refined in Europe. Such 
a prootsb would fcff'Ct a saving in freight. &c., 
of ftbou', '.iO.^. pijr . on the liquor ex por e<', and 
enable the grown a o make use of poor barks, whi h 
it dots not piyihemto ship at probent.— CAewisf 
andDrug'jiel. 
The Goveknment of Tasmania has created a De- 
partment for cor.eerviiig the Crown forests wljich 
cover over 16,000,000 acres, and pr.imise to be very 
valuable. The gutu trees are lli ) most common, and 
rome "re of grea f izi . An IuIomi blue j^um 330 f^et 
j hi;jh ban been observed, and there is one called "Lady 
Fr nklin's T ee " near Hobarfc Town which measures 
107 feet m girth, a few feet from the ground. The 
" pepperaiint " tree, another gum also grows to a 
gr>at a t'tude, e^peei ilv in the humid valleys of the 
is'anit. — Indian Ac/ricuhurist . Autf. Sih. 
A Simple UemiiDy for ' ViBBage Cateepillabs.— 
An cild an 1 i xp'-n ■ c.-.U . ardnufi, t'jils ua tnat tii.sin- 
variab e r. medy fi>r destroying tbe ca'erpillar is 
boil iig wRier. Si) Boon a*^ they comm-^nce. their 
work ot destiut tioa he fills a large keltie with 
wa er and het sit to boiling. Then takiog a w^itering- 
can with a fir e hose ho pn c e is to wat r ttie 
plan's wi'h the boiling water. This kills the citer- 
pillai's, and th»t without ii ju-y ^ ' tbe pan's and 
without fear of I o'sonmg the eaters of thf caht^a^es' 
a ilangi r t^ o of'eu attendant upon ihe ubiuj; of 
p i-ODOus m xtnres or (jowder.'?. We ku' w the ge tie- 
man «tio tives u-i bis reme'ly to be perfectly 
rehai 1 . — Southern Planter. 
When we b t, h^ " we ■ ithtr put a little Bulphue 
or pulverised tob ceo in tbe nest to be' p ve mii' off 
th- beii When the chickens are It tc e i tbe\ are 
ted o.. iiiht i.re^d crumb- s aked in niilk , as they 
gr. w o der vve bake bread fur them ou f Graham 
or short.s, ?ak i.g he s me p.nn- ti have it bgiit 
fl at we won d if it were i ake.l for family u«e. 
As they uro ^ older we mix i-osked wneat with 
thr ir fted. Whet) 'hsy first come off the ■ est we 
rub a small qua '•■ity o la and greaee on th breast 
"f thn ben. the ycui.i.; chicUei s get ennugh of 
it on them ^o k p iff lie vi-raiio. — Chronich- 
Vewetation of UiiUGUAY. — M. E\ Andre recent' y 
addressed the Members of the French Acclimati- 
sation Society on the results of his i otauical re- 
searches in Uruguay. In i lanting the [larks of 
Monte Video, M. Andre has very wisely determined 
to avail himself largely of the native vegetation. 
There wil u t be much difficulty in finding suitable 
subjects, for taking a few of the plants mentioned 
in M. Andre's letter promiscuously, we find the 
Pampas Grass, the giant Eryngiums, V rbenas, 
Petunias, gigantic Thistles, Lucuma, Eugenias, Till- 
andsias. Palms (Cocos australis), Calliandra, various 
Laurels, Erythrina. and very many other suitable 
plants What a pity it eems that our Indian and 
Colonial friends do not follow M. Andre' pi n of 
utilising and develo) ing ihe resources offered by the 
native flora, instead oll^ endeavouring to reproduce 
under unfavourable conditions the gardens and flower- 
shows of Euro]pe. — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
The Eepi kt on tta and coflVt cultivation in Bengal 
rii'-i tie ^a-f veir gives the f How ng particulars: 
— Th re wore 416 pluntations during the - year as 
>...;ui ' 399 iti 1889. The t tal arei under tea was 
85,203 ecr :^ a ni. et 79,006 acres in the preceding jear- 
But wiiilo 'he ntimb r of plan a'inna and the area 
ui der tea show increa-es, vbe .putturn of tea and the 
avei-a e y eld per ere both show a r. lling of compared 
w ih 18^9, Th- outturn was 24,923,269 lb. against 
25 089,423 i 1889, an-l th« average yield per acre 
354-8 1 .-against 375-47 lb. in 1889 The Rsjshahye 
Uivibiun ht'a<ts ihe li t with 350 pard'-cs OhoiH Nagpur 
0 'mes next with 35, Ohitta ong has 25, and Dacca 6. 
In Darj I rg the outturn of tl e year in noost gardens 
wi s btlow the av.'Tagti owing to drought at the 
beiiiur.ing of the Be&%o\< and excessive rainfall and want 
01 su- shine in tbe mi'l-^le. Owirii; to tbe iifluPDza 
• pi''eni c the year w^.^ v-iry uuheahhy for th cooliee. 
In Jaipni^uri tbe h; b id pi .n> is most common, 
thousih m B few ^\tc^ - the China p'.ant m^y be 
«een. The indigenv us f. eii from Manipiir r.nd A sana 
its c.'nsideied the b^ -t in tins disTict. Lobardaga is 
the only di'lrict in B ngal which cuPivates ihe 
coffee plan , but it prnduoed no cuffie during the year. 
Tbe only prodm lion of the year was 120 lb., which 
was turn d out in the Hill Tracts of Ohittagong,— . 
Madras Times, 
