326 
be picked off by hind and destrojed. They are 
meet abundant in January, but I Lave taken it 
full grown iu December, and seen the i:etfect insect at 
several different periods of the year. 
The scale insect commonly called black blight {Leca- 
nimn coffeae) is also very iojurious at times especiallv to 
weak plants. Ifc may be destroyed by tlio application of 
phenyl, diluted with water tili it is of the consistecoe 
of milk or by shaking powdered lime over the leavi-s 
with a flower dredger. Phenyl wuter can be applied 
with Bid of a squirt of bamboo, or an ordinary syringe. 
Many of the scale-infects are protected from moi't 
liquids suitable for killing them without injury to the 
plants, by the waxy secretion with which they are 
covered, which prevents the 1 quid actually toiichii;g 
the insect's body, but phenyl will penetrate tbe wax 
and attack the animal. The phenyl should be poured 
into tbe water and stirred up till it assumes the appear- 
ance of good white milk. A kerosice emulaiou is 
recommended by tbe Editor of "Notes on Indinn 
loseot ptsts," vol. i. p. 7- An emulsion resembling 
butter can be produced in a few minutes by churning 
with a force pump two pirts of kerosine with one part 
of sour milk or soap solution in a pail, emulsions made 
with soap solutions being generally found to be more 
effective. The liquids sliould be ct about blood heat. 
This emulsion may be diluted with from nine to 
fifty parts of water which should be thoroughly mixed 
with one part of the emulsion. The strength of 
the dilution must vary according to the nature of the 
insect to be dealt with a=( well as the nature of tbe 
plant, butfiuely sprayed in twelve parts of the water to 
one of tbe emulsion it will kill most inscc'g without 
injury to the plisnls. It should be applied through, a 
spray nozzle. 
The white or mealy bug (Pseudococcus adonidum) ia 
not as common here, but is niso injurious. It should 
be treated in tho sarc-e way. 
I have received some specimens of coffee branches 
attacked by a fungus from Johore, This is quite a diffe- 
rent kind to the hemileia. It seems t'l invade thi ark 
of the branches filling them with a white mycelium and 
eventually forming a flehh-colonred crust on the outside 
of the twigs, which are then become black and rotten. 
It appears to be rather consequeat on the death of the 
twigs from some other cause, and though it might 
perhaps spread a little to heallhy parts is not much to 
be feared. It generally appears where the bushes a re 
very crowded, and where the branches overlap, or where 
the locality is very damp. The dying and infected 
branches should be out off and burned. 
Mr. Eidley says nolhing of a pest only less des- 
truotive than Jlemilda vastatrix, viz. the white grub, 
which eats the feeding rootlets of Arabian oofEee. 
EXPORTS OF COFPEli AND PEPPER 
FROM THE WEST COAST. 
Elsewhere we publish Messrs. Alston Ljw & Oo.'s 
very interesting stateriient of the exports of coffee 
and pepper from the West Coast during the twelve 
months ending 30th June, 1891. Coffee and pepper 
form tbe chief sfaple-j of trade at Tcllioherry ayd 
Calicut, and on the extent of these crops tho 
prospects of business may bo taid to hinge. * * * 
These figures show very clearly that it was not 
without some shew of reason that the cry went up 
early in the year that "Arabia" was played out; 
At Calicut, tho part of shipment for WyuHad, the 
Nelliompatbies, Naduvattum and part of tbe Nilgiris. 
tho exports of plantation diopped Iroi^ 38,800 cwt, 
to 20,742 cwt. or by not far short of 50 per cent. 
fSuoh a serious decrease may well have caused people 
to take the gloomiest view, for, if we are correctly 
informed, it is unprecedented ia the history ( f the 
coffee industry iu Southern India and ominously like 
what huppoi ei in Ceylon in tbe seventies. Tho present 
seaR'jD,wo are glad to say, has removed all doubt about 
coll'uo dying o,it in Wjnaad, and the latest reports to 
hand tell of lair c ops generally, and in tome 
diBtricts of first rate ones. Further, as in Mysore, 
ntw Iftud is being cleared and put under cultivation. 
Of course when dealing with Wynnad, it must be 
borne in miud that coffee is only one of tbe products 
cultivated iu that distiict, and last year the return 
from cinchona < quailed if not exoee.fed the return 
from the berry. Prom Biypore coffee irom the 
Ouohterlony Valley and the Nilgiris is shipped, and 
here we find that although the exports ol n'.untation 
coffee were 8,800 cwt. below 1689-90, and 'they were 
only exceeded by 330 cwt, in 1889-EO, which shows 
that in those districts the 8€a=!on was not 
abnormally bad, still it is a terrible falling off from 
the 38,000 cwt. which were exported in 1886-87 and 
1887-88. Titrning to tbe northern ports, we find 
at Tellicherry there was a steady and serious 
diminution in the amount of plantation shipped 
smce 1887-88, when it totalled 30,000 cwt. Both 
that season and in 1885-86 some 10 000 cwt. found 
its way to this Malabar town, to be cured, which, if 
crops had been smaller, would have gone to Hunsur 
so that Tellicherry shipment* cannot be looked 
on as a fair criterion of the crops in South Coorg 
during the past six years. Statistics from tbe Curing 
Works at Hunsur and Bangalore are necessary to com- 
plete them. Coming to Mangalore we find nothing that 
calls for unfiivourable comment. This seasen was the 
alternate one in which, in the natural order of things 
there should be a email crop, aud it is in excess of that 
of 1S88 S7 and only 60 tons behind 1888-89. After a 
small yield in the previous yea^, it might have been ex.. 
pected that a large one would result, but judging from 
Messrs. Alston Low & Oo.'s remarks, tlio order is to be 
maintained and 1891-92 is to see the big crop. 
Thewor^t portion io these etatistics iu the serious 
diminution in the exports of native coffee from Telli- 
cherry, v. hich is not in any way compensated by an in- 
crease at any other port. Hitherto the seasons have not 
affected native gardens in the same way as they have 
done the plantations of Europes.n'--, and (his tremen- 
dous drop of 12,000 owes, must be taken us evidence 
either that a large amount of nhtivo coffee has 
died out, or that leaf-diseaEo has taken a firm hold ©n 
the native gardens, aud native cropa henceforth v. ill be 
as varisible as plantation. Pepper, like native coffee, 
ia almost entirely cultivated in native gardens, although 
it is attracting the attention of Eurooeaus more and 
more every year. Tellicherry is facile pvvnetpa the chief 
mart of this produce, exporting 83,000 cwt., of which 
by the way it imported no less than 12,000 cwt. We 
would here draw the attention of the raihvay anlhori- 
ties tj imports of coffee aud pepper into Tclbcherry, a 
port which ba^ no particular facilities either for 
shipping or warehcusing, but merely possesses wealth 
ana_ enterprise, and if these qualities enable it 
to import from other sea. coast town.s by country 
craft 36,000 cwt. of produce during a dull slack 
season such ss that of 1890-1891, wo can without 
the least hesitation affiim that if it were connected 
by railway with the interior it would very shortly 
work up a trade tba: woulii bo only second to that 
of the Presidency town. While inoet of the towns 
shipped their pepper to Bombay and other Indian porta 
Telicherry supplied the continental mart, Prance 
taking 57,500 cwt. through Havre an i Marseilles. 
L'judou, it will be seen, only imported 2,860 cwt. ef 
pepper, for it is a curious fact that while the Eng- 
lish ta.sto demands the fineet quality (f coffee, it pre- 
fers tbe inferior grades of pepper, which tho Straits 
S".ttlemente fupply. Out of the 61,700 cwt. of native 
coffee shipped from Tellicherry, France took 59,000 
cwt, Before concluding this hasty review of these 
iuterestiiig siatietics, we m\y mention that tho value 
of tbe colfoe may bo set down at 105J lakhs and 
the value of thu pepper at 30 lakhs. — Madras 'limes, 
Oct. 6th. 
HAUTEVILLE FACTORY. 
Abbotsford, Nanuoya, Oct. 12i,h. 
When I wrote nbout the Oarlabeok factory the 
other day, (see page 321) I had not been to Hauleville; 
and now I niuec say, without any depreciation of the 
former, the latter will take a lot to beat. It has been 
ereoted under the other (W. JB.) Jackson's superin- 
