December i, 1891.] THE TRO»»^CAL AGRICULTURIST, 
403 
CULTIVATION DURING 1890-1891 IN THE 
MADRAS PRESIDENCY. 
The total extent of ouUivation, both of ryotwari and 
inam lands, in the Madras Presidency during the year 
1890-91 aggregated 26,070,494 acres, against 26,118,917 
acres in 1889-90, thus falling below the extent of the 
previons year only by 48,433 acres, or 0"19 per cent. 
The acreage under first crop shows a decrease but that 
under second crop an increase, as follows : — 
Per- 
1889-90. 1890-91. Diffe- cent- 
renoe. age. 
Isl Crop. 
Ryotwar ..18,936,316 18,840,313 min. 96,005 min. 0'51 
Inam .. 4,860,585 4,836,943 „ 23,642 „ 0-49 
2nd Crop. 
Ryotwar . . 2,033,918 209,448 plus 55,530 plus 2-73 
Inam .. 288.098 303,790 „ 15,692 „ 5-45 
Total. .26,118,917 26,070,494 min. 48,423 min. 0 19 
The decrease under first crop was due mainly to the 
unfavourable character of the seuson in almost half 
of the Presidency, and the increase under second 
crop to the favourable North-East monsoon in 
Kistna, South Arcot, Salem and Trichinopoly. The 
decrease under first crop occurred chiefly in — 
Anantapur of 84,200 acres, Ondapah 62,700 acres, 
North Arcot 23,900 acres, Chiugieput 12,40J acres, 
Madura 28 acres, Tinnevelly 39,300 acres, Coim- 
batore 18,000 acres, and Ganjam 24,300 acres. But, 
to counterbalance this large decrease, the districts 
of Vizagapatam, Kistna, Nellore, Bellary, Knrnoul, 
South Arcot, Taojore, Trichinopoly, Nilgiris, and 
Malabar, showed an increase ranging from 0'15 per 
cent in Nellore to 877 per cent in Vizagapatam. This 
large increase in Vizagapatam is mainly attributable 
k) the introduction of the survey area, and also to the 
very favourable character of the season. In Nellore 
it was due to the fact that the ryots cultivated a 
greater extent of land than on the previous year in 
expectation of a favourable monsoon, but in this they 
were sadly disappointed. Malabar shows an increase 
chiefly in Wynaad, where, since the settlement, when 
a charge on oocupation was substituted for one on 
supposed cultivation, efforts are being made by the 
ryots to extend cultivation as far as possible. Con- 
sidering the character of the year under question and 
the failure of rains in so many parts of the Presi- 
dency, these returns must be looked on as very satis- 
factory.— Jiarfrai- Times, Oct. 22. 
^ 
A NEW JAPANESE TEA ASSOCIATION. 
The fate of the lant association of tea-merchants 
the Seicha-r/aisha, has not proved deterrent. Another 
society, the Nippon Scicha Qikai, has now been 
formed, in Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Shiga, Toyama.aud 
Other western districts. A meeting of projectors was 
hold on the 4th inst. in Kobe, and the following articles 
of association are said to have been voted :— 
Art. 1. — The association shall be named the Nippon 
Seicha Gikai, and its head office shall be at No. 14, 
Sakayemaoei, Sanehome, Kobe. 
Art. 2. — The objects of the association are to open 
ablack-tea trade with Russia, and enquire into the 
Botaal condition of the tea markets in the United States 
and Australia. 
Art. 3. — To attain the above objects, the associa- 
tion shall send committees to different places 
to make trial sales of both blaok and greon tea, and 
to conduct investigations. 
Art. 4. — The limit of time allowed for such sales 
ahaU be fivo years from the 25th year of J/eyi (1892). 
According to the reenlts attained at the expiration of 
that time it shall be determined whether to establish a 
new company, and undertake the direct export of to». 
Art. 5.— Snbsoriptions shall be raised to pay the 
expenses of the trial jourBeys, the subscriptions to be 
paid by those interested, no tixod amount being deter- 
mined. 
Art. 6. — The subscriptions shall be depoeiled in 
some truetwortby bank. The names of tho subscribers 
ftud the amount of their subscription, sh.all from time 
(0 time be pabliebed iu the oowspapere, as well as 
entered and preserved in the office records. 
Art. 7.— Any one desiring to make trial sales of 
the Association's tea shall be permitted to do so with- 
out any commission being charged. 
Art. 8.— The Association shall hold n general meet- 
ing in February every year to report the resolts 
and accounts of the previous year. 
Art. 9. — Notice of subscription must be sent to the 
oflioe of the Association before March, 1892 ; and the 
cash must be paid in April. According to convenience, 
subscribers may pay their subscriptions every April 
during five ye^rs, or may pay the whole amount down 
at ouce. 
Art. 10. — The following officers shall be employed 
to manage the affairs of the association, and shall be 
elected every year at the general meeting : — 
1. A Director of the Association. 
2. A Manager. 
3. ' Five members of Committees. 
4. Clerks. 
Art. 11. — The Director and the Committeo-meu 
shall receive no salary. But their travelling expenses 
shall be paid if they have to travel on tho business 
of the AsBooiation. 
Art. 12. — Travelling Commissioners, the Manager, 
and the clerks shall receive salaries, the amonnt of 
which shall be determined by a general meeting. 
Art. 13. — The case of Commissioners who while they 
are abroad, accomplish something specially praise- 
worthy, or who work without salaries, shall be con- 
sidered at the general meeting, and their deeds shall 
bo published in the newspapers, a letters of thanks, 
being also sent to them from the head office.— 
Weekly Mail, Oct. 10th. 
BAEK AND DEUG BEPOKT. 
(From the Chemist and Drugg ) 
London, Oct. 7th. 
AnxAtto.— Nineteen bags seed, of fair quality, from 
Colombo, are held for 2iA, an offer i'Jd was refused. A 
small parcel of roll anuatto, good bright, but rather dry 
Paia, was shown— lid is the price. 
CiNCHOSA.— The total quantity of bark sold to manu- 
facturers at the London nuctions, from the beginning of 
this year up to October (ith, is estimated to equal 
64,915 kilos sulphate of quinme, and that sold to ma- 
nufacturers at the Amsterdam auctions, from the begin- 
ning of the year up to (and including) October 8th, to 
equal 93,658 Uilos. At the last Amsterdam auctions the 
following quantities of bark were bought by the principal 
purthaiiers :— the Auerbach factory 122,000 kilos ; the 
Amsterdam factory 96,100 kilos; the Brunswick factory 
70,800 kilos ; the Philadelphia factory 57,100 kilos ; tho 
Paris factory 3U,000 kilos ; the Stuttgart and Frankfort- 
OD-Maiu works 21,SC0 kilos; and Messrs. Howards & Sons 
5,200 kilos. Details concerning the Amsterdam cinchona 
auctions of last Thursday show that the manufacturing 
barks sold at an average unit o£ 5 81 cents per half 
kilo. Altogether the equivalent 15,351 kilos quinine sul- 
phate in the bark was sold to manufacturers at the 
following prices :—l,20() kilos at 5 cents 5,415 kilos at SJ- 
cents, 6,810 kilos at 6 cents. 1,683 kilos at cents, and 
237 kilos at 7 cents. For pharmaceutical "barks the 
demand was exceedingly slack. From the Government 
plantations only short quills were offered, and there 
were only a few lots thin loug quills from private estates. 
Among the jjaroels sold there were 118 bales analysing 
between 7 an. I 8 per cent, and two lots yielding over 
8 per cent. Theie two last sold as follows :— 107 bales 
Ledger stem bark, broken quill at 6^d to Vjld per lb : 
17 bales Ledger root at 8d per lb. The lowest parcel 
of bark offered at the sale consisted of six mats Succi- 
rubra, analysing 0'55 per cent. This sold at the rate of 
Jd per lb. The exports of cinchona from Java for the 
first two mouths of tho season (July and September) 
are said to have been. 2,000,000 Amst. lb, against 1,560,000 
Amst. lb and l,400,0u0 Amst. lb respectively, for the first 
two months of the ISOO and 1889 seasons, 
TkjVnsactions ill jute fell off to a remarkable ex- 
tent iu Tippera last year. The Commissioner of the 
Chittagong Division writes that tho price of jute in 
Tippera fell from R5.S to Kl.S per maimd, and that, 
iu consequence, the cultivators were reported in some 
places to have loft the jute uncut. No actual distress 
was felt, though the extraordinary fall is said to have 
largely affected tho revenue atoiljistwUvU (llQ 
