6s8 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [March i, 1892. 
model and as made in the machines we supply carries 
the central spindle which acts as a transmitter of 
vertical movement and a guiding rod. The size of 
this spindle is a mere question of degree. It could 
readily be made twice or three times its diameter 
within the meaning of my specification and drawings, 
in which case the upper rolling surface " A" if 
made the least thing smaller on the sides would 
become a driving rod as well as for the other pur- 
poses stated. In the triple action rolling machine we 
have a bow similarly attached to the jacket as m 
the Excelsior. This bow permits of free vertical 
movement to the top rolling surface for the same 
purposes as explained in the Excelsior machine. 
The central spindle is made somewhat thicker 
and stronger than in the Excelsior, is carried by the 
bow in proportionately enlarged bearings. A small 
piece is taken off the outer edge of the rolling 
surface, consequently freeing such rolhng surface 
from actual contact with the jacket. The central 
spindle therefore serves in this case the double pur- 
pose of carrying the top rolling surface m the same 
path with the jacket, which is practically the same 
thing as done in the Excelsior. The jacket of the 
triple action machine is carried on two crank pms 
which support the jacket in the same way as a 
beam and scale is supported in the centre. If these 
outriggers or horn-plates, or bearings as I call them 
were taken away there would be nothing to prevent 
the upper surface getting off its horizontal path. 
In a similar way with reference to the Excelsior 
the jacket or upper sm-face is supported m the centre 
at one side. To obtain a true horizontal path of 
the upper surface I use two horn-plates or bearings. 
The object obtained by the use of the horn-plates 
or bearings in the triple-action machine is equivalent 
to what I use in my Excelsior. In the Excelsior 
roller there is a vertical crank shaft at one side 
of the machine. In the defendant's machine there 
is the same thing. In the Excelsior roller the upper 
pin of the crank shaft is coupled direct to the 
lacket In defendant's machine it is precisely the 
same thing. In the Excelsior machine the surface 
"A" has a traversing motion over the lower surface 
exactly the same as the jacket surrounding it. In 
defendants' machine it is precisely the same thing. 
If I moved the upper crank-pin from its connection 
with the jacket in defendants' machine, the upper 
rolling surface would not operate. I took out my 
patent for the Standard some six to seven years 
before the litigation with Kinmond who sought to 
have my patent revoked because it comprised an 
invention of his (Kinmond's). I was in London during 
all that litigation. I did not advise it and I objected 
to it The Loolecondura Standard is the only one 
ever 'supplied to Ceylon. I was not aware of the 
existence of that name plate on the Loolecondm-a 
machine until the models were brought into the 
Court the machines being sold direct by the manu- 
facturers in England. I discovered the existence of 
this name-plate by observing in Court the word 
"Kinmond" inscribed on the defendants model. 
I then ascertained on enquiry tliat this Loolecondra 
machine had this name-plate. The model Standard 
now in Court was made by Marshall, Sons & Co. 
Gainsborough, soon after my patent was taken out 
iu India and before the litigation with Mr. 
Kinmond It was exhibited at the Pans Ex- 
hibition and that was its first journey from 
Bneland The inscription appearing on the model 
Standard here I have never thought of re- 
moving or altering m any way. The patent num- 
ber on it is my India patent number. Mr. Jack- 
son afterwards proceeded to explain that the hop- 
nor in his machine served also the purpose of a 
Ventilator. In the Standard there was scarcely any 
ventiUition, this want of ventilation bcnig remedied 
ill the new arrangement embodied m the Excelsior. 
]'v Mr I-iHowNK.— There was nothing said about 
ventilation' in the specification. With regard to the 
defendants' machine there may bo improved ventila- 
tion or otherwiHc in proportion to the aiiioimt of space 
cut ii way. Althongh the hopper is not named as a 
ventilator in my specification the improved ventila- 
tion obtained in the Excelsior was very (juickly dis- 
covered. During my present visit to Ceylon I have 
been advising that the caps in the Excelsior should be 
ventilated, there being nothing new or patentable 
over what had been disclosed in the Excelsior. I 
have taken two and a half inches off the enter edge 
of the rolling surface extending to within a few in- 
ches of the four corners of the top rolling surface "A." 
I have also advised that top rolling surface "A" 
should as far as possible be made a perforated 
plate throughout. 
Mr. Walter LAMONTof Messrs. Walker, Sons& Co., 
Ltd., was then examined: — I am a mechanical engi- 
neer and served my apprenticeship in the establish- 
men of John Lawson & Co., mechanical engineers. 
Glasgow. I was a little over five years with them. 
I went afterwards to Lees, Anderson & Co. marine 
engineers, Glasgow. I was in their drawing office for 
about two years. After leaving them I went to Messrs. 
Carruthers & Alley Glasgow. There I was engaged 
in designing machine tools, engines &c. I was there 
for about two years. I came to Ceylon in 1872 as an 
engineer to John Walker & Co., Kandy. I am still 
with the company. For about 8 years I was con- 
stantlv travelling about estates in Ceylon erecting 
estate machinery. The first tea-roller that I re- 
member of was imported by my firm about 1877. It 
consisted of three fluted rollers working two under- 
neath and one on top like a mangle, and the tea to 
be rolled in it was put into a bag. The pressure of 
the upper rollers as it turned round rolled the leaf 
in the bag. About 1877 was about the commencement 
of the tea industry in Ceylon. That kind of machine 
I have described was not a success and was sent back 
again. There were several bag-rolling machines in 
use about 1879. The first tea-roUing machine which 
was brought into Ceylon in which the tea was 
rolled inside a jacket was the Loolecondra estate 
Standard. Tliat, I think, was in 1879. I saw it 
shortly after it was erected. The model exhibited 
is an accurate model of the Standard. The 
Standard is the onlv one of its kind that I 
have eeen in Ceylon. In 1881 I became manager of 
the Colombo Iroiiworka and in that year my firm 
imported the first of Mr. Jackfon's machines called 
the Universal roller which is merely a smaller 
edition of the Excelsior. That Universal was sent 
up to Windsor Forest estate. Shortly after that my 
firm were appointed Mr. Jackson's agents in Ceylon 
for his machines. Our firm has manufactured about 
500 of the EooDomic roller and imported about 300. 
Of the Excelsior clats we have manufactured about 
20 I shouid think, and we have imported about 120, Of 
Mr. Jackson's machines embortying the principle of the 
Excelsior we have manufactured and imported about 
800 altogether. In 1881 before this patent was taken 
out the roost advanced kind of roller in Oeylon was 
the Standard. He then pointed out the correspond- 
ing parts in the Standard and Excelsior and 
the difference in the method of driving the top 
surfaces. In the Standard machine the upper rolling 
surface is the driven surface and is connected direct 
to the crank-shaft through a connecting rod. In 
the Excelsior the jacket is connected to the crank- 
shaft, and has the surface A free to vertical move- 
ment.l Before the Excelsior was patented I bad 
not seen in Ceylon any tea roller in which the 
driving mechanism was attached to the jachet 
direct, and carried the upper surface with it. 
The reverse is the case in the Standard. Before 
the Excelsior there was no machine in Oeylon in which 
the upper surface was free to vertical movement. 
Could a practical workman with the Standard be- 
fore him Bs a model construct the Excelsior without 
using his inventive faculties as distinguished from 
his faculties as a mechanician? No. One of the advan- 
tsgas in the Excelsior machine is that it is much 
more "get-at-able." The leaf is easily fed into the 
machine and there is no danger or not so much 
clanger to the attendant feeding it as in the Stan- 
dard. The case or jacket is off the lower table in 
the Excelsior, so that there is less friction in 
driving and the oil used in lubricating the 
machine is kept clear from the rolling surface. Lab- 
our would be economised in the Excelsior. It would 
