March i, i8g2.1 
THE TRDP7CAL AQR?eULTUmST. 
siaspended -from that part of the jacket called the 
bow. In working the sixteenth of an inch is not 
preserved on all sides. One side or more of the 
lining of the jacket is usually in direct contact with 
the upper-rolling surface. It is the inside of the 
lining that touches. I have seen some of Jackson's 
machines in which he has cut away the sides of ^the 
upper rolling surface for purposes of ventilation. The 
corners are always left and the contact is between 
the corners and the wooden lining. .The. motion 
which the lining gives to the upper rolling surface is 
a knock or push. It is first knocked on one side and 
then on the other. I have heard the knock on the 
side of Jackon's machine when working. When I 
have seen the defendant's machine at work, I have 
never heard or seen the sides of the lining strike the 
upper rolling surface. Defendant's upper rolling sur- 
face receives its horizontal motion from the spindle 
and bracket. To constitute mechanism must 
not two or more bodies be so connected that their 
motion depends on each other through cinematical 
principles alone ? I think that means that two or 
more parts are connected by some mechanical 
principles, one- following the other throughout the 
train. I think that is what is meant although I 
never heard the word cinematical before. (Mr. Browne: 
—Quite right. He then quoted the meaning of the 
word from Webster's Dictionary.) I have studied 
the introduction to mechanics Taut not under that 
name. He then traced the chain of mechanism in 
Jackson's machine and said it ends directly in the 
jacket. Betore the end of the train it transmits 
motion. One chain of mechanism may transmit 
motion at various points throughout its length. The 
first point may either be considered a driving or 
driven point. The very first point is driven from the 
shafting that drives it. The train of mechanism is the 
series of pieces which transmit motion from the driving 
point to the working part or through them to the 
ultimate object which is driven only. In the Ex- 
celsior the lower rolling surface is one of the se- 
ries of pieces of its mechanism — one of the working 
parts. If the guides were not under the lower roll- 
ing surface of the Excelsior machine might not 
work as it would not be complete. If the guide bars of 
the upper rolling surface were away, the upper rolling 
surface would work,but I do not think you would have a 
chance of finding out whether it would be in rec- 
tillinear lines because the machine would break 
up. If you took out the crank pin or sliding bar of 
an engine you would probably be lying on the floor 
before you knew where you were. (Shown defendant's 
model of plaintiff's machine. I suppose it is work- 
ing as a model all right. If the guide bar of the upper 
rolling surface were taken out in the model as is 
now done, the machine being incomplete would not work. 
I never tried the experiment before on a model. If I 
were to take out the same part in tlie Excelsior jacket 
would it work'? If you take anything at all from any 
of the machines they would not work. The machine 
would not be complete ; it would not be Jackson's 
machine. It would probably smash up. The engine 
would be pulling the machine. It would not work for 
the same reason that an engine would not work if you 
take away the crank pin. The principal function of 
the sliding bar of Jackson's machine is to carry 
the weight of the jacket. The bearing under the 
hornplates in defendants' machine would carry the 
weight of the jacket. The bearings in which the grind- 
ing bar rests in plaintiff's machine contain the guiding 
bar as well as support it. Iii Jackson's machine the 
bearings not only support the weight of the jacket 
but they also act as a gnide. In defendant's 
maohino not only an equivalent to bear up the weight 
of tbo jacket but an extra guido is supplied. In the 
Elaintilf's machine they guide it in rectilinear and 
orizontal motion They make it take rectilinear 
motion. In the defendant's machine tlio horn-plates 
and bearings gnido i t into a horizontal motion. 
They keep it from oscillating. They have no 
other function as directors of motion than that. 
Ko-oxaniinod. — I have seen the upper rolling sur- 
face lifted right out of the case or jacket surround- 
ing it while the nfachino was working, so 
that no part of the lining was at any givou 
bo 
moment in contact with it, The Jacket still 
carries the upper rolling surface. Motion was then 
principally transmitted by the bow to the jacket. 
The spindle might have helped a little. 
Mr. C. A. HuTSON, Colombo, deposed : — I am a 
mechanical engineer and have been practising my 
profession for about 22 years, 6 J years of that period 
hemg in Ceylon. I have seen the Standard, Excelsior, 
and Triple-Action Rollers working, and I have erected 
the Excelsior and Triple-Action machines. I have 
read the specification of the Excelsior patent, and I 
consider the jacket of the Excelsior to be the metal 
frame, the wooden lining and the bracket. The fact 
of the bow being attached to the frame instead of 
the wooden lining I look upon as a mere matter of 
detail. The model I believe to be the same as 
the working machine. Certainly motion is trans- 
mitted through the jacket. In the Standard the 
upper rolling surface is driven direct from 
the shaft by the connecting rod, whi'e the 
jacket slides on it; but in the Excelsior it is the 
jacket that is driven direct and the rolling surface 
slides inside of it. The jacket in the Excelsior car- 
ries the cap with it, and in the defendant's machine 
the upper rolling surface is moved by the jacket. I 
call the jacket in the defendant's machine the cylin- 
drical box and the various parts pertaining to it. I 
consider the whole thing, including the bow or bracket 
to be the jacket. In the defendants' machine the 
action is the same. The jacket drives the top rolling 
surface. I know Law & Davidson's machine. There 
the upper surface is not quite free to move up and 
down. It resembles the Excelsior in the fact that 
the jacket moves about while the top rolling surface 
is carried by the jacket and is left free to rise and 
fall. I think I saw Law & Davidson's machine in 
1886 — a long time after the Excelsior. 
Cross-examined. — A case was threatened, I think, but 
so far as I know Mr. Jackson has not taken action 
against Davidson. I gave evidence as to facts in the 
case Brown, Bae & Co., Hatton, vs. Harcourt Skrine. 
I was called there as a mechanical engineer to prove 
that I had examined the machine erected by the 
plaintiffs for the defendants. — In that case you gave 
it as your opinion "that the motor has been erected in a 
correct and substantial manner and that it is at the 
present moment, able to develop its maximum effi- 
ciency" ? — Yes. (Mr.Browne, in reply to the District 
Judge, said that in that case the District Judge held 
that it was very clear that the machine was not 
properly erected by the plaintiffs and was practi- 
cally useless. He read from the judgment.) 
I have never heard what the Judg ound, 
but I know that Brown, Rae & Co. got all the money 
they claimed. At one time I was employed by the Com- 
mercial Company ; they brought ine to Ceylon. — And 
dismissed you afterwards '? — We never settled that 
point. I say they did dismiss me and they say that 
they did not. I describe the whole thing as the 
jacket, and its function is to roll the tea leaf. It 
does that by moving the leaf across the bottom 
rolling surface and causing the leaf to turn over 
and rub partly on the top rolling surface and partly 
on the sides. What I call the jacket is part of the 
driving mechanism of the machine ; it drives the 
top rolling surface backwards and forwards over 
the leaf. It also acts as a bearing for the triple 
crank-shaft and thereby keeps the crank-shaft 
in position. If the crank-shaft were not kept in 
position thereby the crank shaft would not 
work. I can transmit motion from one crank- 
shaft to another by means of a belt. In the 
defendant's machine motion is transmitted from the 
driving crank-shaft to the guidinp crank-shaft by the 
jacket. Either of them would do it ; at present both 
do it. If either wore taken off, the part of the machine 
that was left would work-. (Shown model.) That 
machine is so badly made that it won't work. As a 
mechanical engineer and I have scon it done thouf h not 
with the dcfuiidaiits' machine, I say that if the jacket of 
tho doioiidants' machine is removed, the lower rolling 
surface will work. (Tho upper piu-t was taken off the 
defendants' model of his own machine and the 
wituuas was asked to work it.) Plaiutifl s mode 
