664 
THE tROPlCAL AGRICULTURIST. (March i, 1892 
separately it would record it only in right lines; whereas 
if each in the other machine recorded its motion on a 
separate piece of paper it would record it in circular 
or eccentric lines. That was the truer way to put 
the dilferent characteristics of the two machines before 
the Court. Mr. Jackson went all that way round to get 
a circular result, or, should he say, all the way square 
to get a circular result. To affect that mechanism, he 
thought it had been abundantly shown, every part must 
be attached and in operation— that one part would not 
work without the other. It had been repeatedly shown 
in Mr. Jackson's own machine that if that upper part 
were _ removed and an attempt made to move the 
machine, it would do one of two things : it would 
either get into a position in which the crank would 
run round without doing anything at all or it would 
get into a more jammed position in which the crank 
would not move at all. This he proceeded to illustrate by 
a model the inventor of the triple-action roller had made, 
contending that in order to make the whole machine 
work harmoniously there must be a connecting rod. 
It mattered not whether the connecting rod was a 
rod of greater or lesser thickness, square, oblong, or 
anything else, so long as it made the connection 
between the one point and the other — between the 
sliding bar and the crank pin. Mr. Jackson's machine 
required that principle of the connecting rod, and 
when_ Mr. Jackson went into the witness-box and 
practically asked the Court to believe that this upper 
metal frame and the wooden box that holds the tea 
was the jacket and nothing but a jacket, and was 
not part of the driving mechanism, he was contra- 
dicted by his models, by all experience and by his 
ovvn witnesses. Counsel then referred to Mr. Jackson's 
evidence on this point to show, as he put it, how 
completely Mr. Jackson had given himself away, 
directing the Judge's attention in passing to the 
circumstance of how often Mr. Jackson'answered "Yes" 
or " Fo;" how often he began his answers by " I must 
explain;" how often he gave them as it were a small 
lecture on a mechanical point, and in the end saying 
he could give no answer at all. If there was an- 
other thing which would tend to discount Mr. Jackson 
as an expert he submitted most emphatically it 
would be the way he had evaded his questions. He 
thought he had two "yeses" and one "no" from him in 
five hours' examination. He tackled Mr. Jackson 
three times on the question of the upper rolling 
surface being a connecting rod and a part of the 
driving mechanism, and the Judge would see 
on reading the evidence how he went from bad to 
worse and in the end actually said it was not a driving 
mechanism but a thing driven. Counsel quoted 
several passages in plaintiff's evidence, and subse- 
quently alluding to the deposition of Mr. Lament 
confessed he was surprised to find that gentleman 
agreeing with Mr. Jackson, adding in the concluding 
part of his reference to this witness's statements that 
Mr. Lament's answers were each a refutation 
of his assertion. Mr. Lament said the jacket drove 
the cap but was not a part of the driving 
mechanism. He said he could not drive it 
without it and yet that it was not part of the 
driving mechanism. Surely it must be so. They 
wanted the driving mechanism to drive every part of 
the machine, and if they could not do it without this 
part surely it must be part of the driving mecha- 
nism. The other witnesses had gradually progressed 
for, so far as his memory served, they had admitted 
this principle. The fact of the matter was that this 
machine not only resolves circular into rectilinear 
motion but, if it might be ho called suppressed 
circular motion. Naturally the cranks in moving 
would have a tendency to engender circular motion 
and where the guide opposite was of a corresponding 
nature circular motion resulted, but when the guide 
was made rectilinear — and this guide was made 
rectilinear — and the form of the crank was slightly 
altered circular motion was suppressed into rectilli- i 
near. The crank pin that seemed to be going round 
was really moving nackwards and forwards in straight ' 
lines. Even MaGuiro showed how the guide operated | 
to make .Jackson's machine work in a rectilinear ' 
motion. Ilutson advanced the position much further I 
V-ni Brov/n ovca further still, lie next quoted from 1 
Rankine's applied mechanics the definition of what 
was called link work to the effect that the pieces 
which are connected by link work if they rotate or 
oscillate are shortly named crank beams or levers. 
The link by which they are connected is a rigid bar 
which may be straight or any other figiire. The 
straight figm-e being the most favourable to strength 
is used when there is no special reason to the 
contrary. The link is known by various names under 
various circumstances, such as coupling rod, connecting 
rod, crank rod, eccentric rod, &c. It is attached to 
the pieces which it connects by two pins about 
which it is free to turn. Now he argued that 
what Mr. Jackson called his jacket was not a true 
jacket, and that the metal work of it was a con- 
necting rod in the driving mechanism of his machine. 
Jaclison knew what was coming ; he had known of 
it all along in this case ; he had known that it was 
open to the defendants to take their power off the 
driving mechanism. He might divert the driving 
mechanism into as many streams as he liked, and 
that was the reason .Jackson would not admit it. 
Jackson had gone so far as to do that which his 
witnesses had contradicted — to assert that it was 
driven and not driving mechanism. He wanted to 
take it out of the driving mechanism of his machine, 
for he knew what was before him, and for thethird 
time when he pressed him Jackson actually 
jumped over the precipice and said it was driven 
mechanism alone. Jackson said that the jacket part 
in the Excelsior was the last part of his machine 
directly moved by the driving mechanism and its 
office was to keep " A " (the upper rolling surface) 
in position and carry it with it. Was that its only 
office ? Well suppose they took it off would the rest 
of his machine go ? Oh, he said, he could not tell. 
He was like one of those musicians who could only 
compose a piece of music with the keys of the piano 
before him and gradually stumbled into the proper 
chord and harmony. He could not take a sheet of 
foolscap and sitting down under the shade of a green 
tree there write down chords of perfect harmony that 
no mortal ear had ever heard. He was only a 
practical man and was in the position of Mr. Brown 
of the Railway who thought the thing would go 
until he took the machine to pieces and found it 
would not go. Mr. Jackson's invention was not only 
a roundabout way of getting circular motion ; it 
resolved circular i.iotion into its component parts 
and brought theiii together ; but it was mechanism 
throughout and the jacket was part of the me- 
chanism, and a material part. Mr. Jackson might 
deny that, but it was patent to the eyes, 
patent by the evidence, and patent by Jackson's speci- 
fication. Did Jackson in his specification claim the 
link or connecting rod of metal as part of his jacket ? 
He never did. The lettering on the drawing showed 
this ; he submitted that it did not lead anyone to sup- 
pose or imagine that when Jackson spoke of the case 
or jacket loosely surrounding the upper rolling surface 
he meant the metal work. 'The specification was silent 
about that, and the reason was that it was the connect- 
ing rod, a necessary part of the mechanism which 
it was unnecessary to describe because it was as 
inevitable that there must be a connection between 
the two points as it was that the sun would shine 
that there be day. The lettering was done entirely 
on the upper part — on the actual container cf the tea 
leaf and the immediate surface surrounding the upper- 
rolling surface, — and therefore Jackson's specification 
did not warrant the inference he deduced from it, but 
on the contrary, taken in conjunction with their 
reasoning applied to it, with the principles of me- 
chanics, and with the evidence of the expert witnesses, 
showed that the metal work was not part of the jacket 
but had the function of a connecting rod. 
The Judge : — Can't it be both ? 
Mr. BiiowNE : — Possibly; as a connecting rod it is 
utilized to carry the top surface ; but even if it had a 
double function, one of its functions was to act as part 
of the ordinary driving mechanism, namely a connect- 
ing rod for which he had taken out no patent and 
which it was perfectly open to the defendant to 
utilise in the way he had done. Mr. Jackson said 
he wanted to get something light in weight and 
