HE tROHCAL AtikiaULtURISt. 
[juKE I, 1892. 
These lands rangiug in altitude from 6,000 feet to 
ur.dtr 1.000 ieet abovs sta level, are dc-neely wooded, 
save ■CThero broken by pajonals (grassy areas), and 
abound in vf.luablo and niagiiificent timber tre(s. Tbe 
lay is chiefly undulating, though here and there pre- 
cipitous, but it is also in parts flat and e. sy of irrisatiou. 
The EIj Perece which intersects longiiuuinttlly cur 
selection, is a large river into which from n rth and 
south streams of some volunie flow. T.ho laud sel- 
ected extends to 20 kilometres, or l^J mile?, north 
and south of the river and from Port \\ ertheman 
eastward to the tvrmiiiu.s of navigation near tbe 
confluence cf tho Perece with the Ene, with a like 
distance on both shores of the Ene from its mouth 
for a distance of 20 kilometres ascending. Port 
Wertheman is situated at the coufiuenoe of the Rio 
Paucartambo with the Chanchamayo, where these 
rivers become the Bio Perent'. 
The road from Tarma to Cerro de Pasco is the 
same, for six miles, as the route from Tarma to 
Chanchamayo. At Acobamba it turns to the left or 
north through an easy lying and fertile valley of no 
great breadth. Near Cacas steep ascents — first 
through a rocky and precipitous gorge, and then over 
the Puno — have to be surmounted. 
From the summit the country opens out into a 
flat grazing plpju of great extent, with some undula- 
tions at the far end, reaching Cerro de Pasco, 
through Junin and Carhuamayo, whence via Ninacaca 
a road branches off towards Huancabamba and Pozuzo. 
Cerro de Pasco, the centre of a great silver mining 
industry, is cold and bleak. It is sitviated on a low 
terrace on the shoulder of a high slope of the 
Cordillera, and is partly surrounded on the east and 
north by rocky mountain ranges. The road towards 
Huanuco, after crossing for a short distance the 
plain in which are the silver mines, leads past the 
source of the Rio Huallaga, down a steep, wild, 
rugged gorge, and thence through more undulating 
and richly cultivated ground to Huarriaca, where 
there is a comfortable hostelry. 
From the latter place to Ambo, after hugging 
the river, the road is carried along the face of a 
serifs of preeipitous mountains, down to the Huallaga, 
hundreds of feet below. Before reaching .Ambo we 
raw tbe first cofl'pe field. 
Huanuco is reached fiom Ambo by a flat wide 
road, whitb, at its rorthem end, runs through a fine 
avenue of Bucnl.yp;i and other ftalely treep, and the 
route of which lies near to tLe Hualla.ea, intersecting 
a richly cultivated valley. The bills on either side 
are bare and dry, the only growth vifible being la' ge 
Cacti. All cultivation is carried on by means of 
irrigation. Ram falls on'y at periods during tbe rainy 
serBOD, from November to May. There are no forest 
trees, nor is there any forest nearer to Huanuco than 
15 lesgues or 45 miles. 
Returning via Cerro de Papco, the road leads through 
the Pampa of Junin towards end aroun 1 the lalje 
of that name. Tbe Pampa is very extensive and 
the lake is a mopnificent sheet fof water. Around 
the lake graze herbs of cattle and sheep, and 
there are many kinds of water-fowl. The losd 
via lucRpilcE and San Bias pesEes through a great 
extent of Puta, at varjing altitsdcs, to Banios, 
where are hot springs and an hnstlery. The latter 
place is ti'.u.ited in a fine grozing country, and 
cloFe to Btreoms about vbich their is an abundance 
of wild ducks, getse and other wild fowl. 
The plain connecting Jsuja with Huancayo is 
HO to 40 miles long, by about ten in Sreadth, in- 
cludiig Die rnis<d tableland on the west. From 
Himrripampa (lie Oroya river interfects the jilain, 
wbieli it, in parts, overflows. Numerous towns and 
villageH are situated IhroiJghout tbe valley, which 
pof-BPf-Kes rich and fertile toil, an excellent climate 
and cn Bbiindatit populaticii. Jc ujn, Cenc< pc'on, and 
JIufinciivf) arc towns of feme eizo ard importatce, 
end tiv thi: cntrcs of coi siderabln tra''o as well as 
tbe r'KTt of invalids Huflcriiig fiom julmri'ary com- 
rhintR. At all llient towns tlii re arc; gtod hotels. 
Nfjirly half way Irctween Jaujii f.nd Ilnimcnjo, and 
fituated at tlie foot of tbe nlfip liills up and over 
which l((vi« till! roid to Comas and AiidBmarca, is 
the Convent of Ocof 9., tLe chief etat of the Fratcis- 
(;i»a brotherhood. 
The read to Comas ascends to 15 000 feet above 
sea level, at which altitude, down to 12,000 feet, the 
greiter pottiou of it lies. Comas is a small town or 
village Situated cn a saddle between two deep valleys. 
Agricuiture is tho only pursuit of the inhabitants 
who^ till their ground entirely by mt ans cf vroodea 
implen^ents of very primitive consti nctiou. Tbe 
country is exceedingly rou^h and wild, and ia 
bare of anything but grass. It is cseentially s 
gruzing country where rob too high; but for 
the most part it is cold and bi ak, with hardly 
a shelter or the posfibi'ity of procuring food for man 
or bcaf t. 
Matapa, a small village at 8.100 feet, and Andamarca. 
likewise of sm-.ll extent, at 8,.b'00 fe:-t a!-itude, situated 
about two milew upart, in a deep rccefs amoi:g pre- 
cipitous mountains. Neither these villages nor the 
country srout d have any attractions excepting theiiild 
granf^eur of the rotky and anow olad ranges— through 
which the bridle trt^c' threads its wuj —and their utter 
itolation ard romir tic surroundirgs. 
LOCALITY AND KXTENT OF LAND SELECTED. 
The btst available Isnd witbin easy distance of the 
Oroya Railway, suitable for Ceffee, Cacao and 
other tropical pro ucte, we found to be in the Perece 
Valley, about lafc 11 S., lorg. 75 W., altitude from 
4,300 down to 1,050 ftet above Bfa level. The area 
might be indefinitely extended from Pangea on the 
rt;e Bi<'e, to Pczozo on the other ; but taking only 
20 bi'onDeties on each side of the River Perene 
traversed by us for 40 miles— wo h;.ve about IJ 
million acres of almost unbroken forest, of inexhaos- 
tible fertility, and all, as far as we could judge, 
admirably adapted for the £ucce^sful cultivation 
of tvtry known tropical product. It eeems hut a 
Bmall patch from tbe vast r< serves of Ibis country; 
\et it is oBpable of producing mero cofi're tban the 
whole Eastern world at present supplies; and it, 
will be remembered that when Oeylcn was the third 
coffee producing country, it had only 200,000 acres 
in cultivation, or about one-sixth of the extent selected 
in thePeren6 Valley. 
S2Jecifically our examination of the land commenced 
where tbe "Eiieno" rivulet falls into; the Perene. The 
filtitudo is 1,900 feet, and the rainfall is evidently 
emple. The land, rising from tbe river on tbe north 
side, is somewhat Bteop, but with its rich open sub- 
foil is specially well ac'apfed for coffer ; and a few 
thousand acres might be plai ted here at an altitude 
of from 1,900 feet at the river up to 3,500 or 4,000 
feet on tbe ridge. Immedia'ely opposite — on the 
Bonth side of the river — there are a few hundred 
acres of rich flat land, suitable for any tropical pro- 
duct ; but here, as a rule, tbe north side is decidedly 
tbe best. Pursuing our journey downwards — the 
river being Bt all times quite navigable — we 
were greully delighted with the ever-changing 
yet always enchanting scenery, the rich but 
not over-dense, undergrowth, the gigantic trees, 
covered and festooned with creepers and parasites, all 
indicating a forcing climate and virgin scil of amazing 
fertility. Atout three miles downwards we stopped 
to examine a salt spring, evidently indicating a salt 
mine at no great distance. From the fifth to the 
sixth mile a graesy ridge or " pajonal " rises up to 
about 4,000 feet, io extent probably about 500 acres 
— a gcod point frem which to view the surrounding 
forest — while on the south side of the river there are 
liumerons patches of siniilar grassy laud. Beyond 
this there is a vast unbroken tract of the richest 
forest, from which occational rivulets fall into the 
Perer c. 
The largest tributaries received by the Perene come 
from the soul h side. "Tbe Pichana," about 10 miles 
from our sturting point, is a permanent slreem of 
considerable volume, i-officient as a motive power for 
EDy orriirary purpose (or which it nay be required, 
while about 20 miles farther down, the " Ipuki," about 
eqnal to the Tweed in volume, adds palpably to the 
depth and force of the Perei e. From the 15th to 
tbe 20th mile there is o large tract of flat alluvia 
land on the lorth sie.'e cf tbe river, prebably extend 
ingto ],500 or 2,000 acres, admirably adapted for 
rice culture, for tugar cane, cacao, or for nureerieisi 
