June i, 1892.] 
THE TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURIST. 
915 
sensation at finding the Utile garden, in which one 
had walked and smoked after that breakfast with 
Sir "William and the Governor, now occupied as 
stables for the large working team of Messrs. Fry, 
and part of the castle turned into a store for their 
box timber. But there are many other remarkable 
changes in Bristol, and it seems as if our guide had 
a curious facility for impressing them upon us. He 
takes us to Quay Street and introduces us to the 
card box factory of the firm. We bad already in the 
stationery department of the main factory seen the 
cardboards cut into shape by various curious little 
machines and prepared for this outer shop. Here 
the boxes are made and decorated and the tops 
embellished in gold with the names of the firm. 
The atmosphere of one of the atcHcrs was full of 
gold leaf. Stray bits of it here and there looked like 
golden butterflies, their fanciful motion aided once 
in a way as to realistic effect by a ray of sunshine 
that came in through an open window. Throughout 
this building there were heard the cheerful voices 
of girls whose division of labour began with a plain 
bit of cut cardboard and ended in the perfected box. 
Once more threading the traffic of the city, we come 
to premises where the firm has converted a com- 
paratively new building into a store chiefly used for 
the Christmas fancy trade ; here cases are being 
filled with chocolate dainties by scores of busy hands, 
while one floor is dedicated to the making of "orange 
flavouring," and a very attractive operation it would 
prove, we fancy, to most young people. Stacks of 
loaf sugar and baskets full of oranges are being used 
up. The oranges haviiig been rubbed upon the sugar 
to extract the flavour of the rind, they are then returned 
to the baskets whii-h are emptied into presses made on 
the principale of the cider-press. The juice is 
squeezed out with the impregnated sugar and the 
wliol« plaoa is full of the arom-i — " orang.! uroves and 
ma.sic from sweet lutes ' minht be added by the 
imaginative writer. 
From Quay Street we pass on to Nalsoa Street, aud 
here, liise the cuckfio, the firm occupies t.notber neat 
bu'lt for other bird.'^. Ttiia time it is the old Traile 
School that bus been anntxel for a liu iuiiuairy. The 
shops are fitte^i witb remarkable maobiues that deal 
with tin as easily as if it were paper, cutting i^, twistii.g 
it, making it into canist'^rs round and equfre with ihe 
greatest eise, but not without a oeit*wi iimounf. of 
noi^e and clatter. For instance, thert3 are machines 
that at o'le operation make tbe tops and butomsof 
canisters, embossiDg them at the same time with ever- 
lasting labe s. 
Ihere are other minor in^histii^s in wh'ch Ih^' firm 
is engaged — they miike much of their own m.icbiuery 
with the exception of castings, for instance — but it would 
need a week's stay nt Bristol iind an futi'e muga/.ine to 
follow the in« and ou's of this cocoa and chocoloa e 
industry. We have faid nuthin,? about its 
oflace.H, its carts, its shipping urrangements, liulo 
about its history; nor paused to mentiun tbe political 
and judicial honours tliat belong to the family; 
these things are part of the history of Bristol ; but 
Inxunonsly ensconced in a Great Westeru railway 
carriage, with a rack full of literary sonveuir-i of the 
western country, and one of tho e brii!;bt boxes of 
BWeetB made from the beans whioli the d iaky mai'leos 
are oolleoting in our first picture, it would have hoen 
impossible not to think of a lewparling words about 
the literature of this " fold for tho gnds " that 
takes HO many people to prepare and provides so 
many with pleasant refreshment. 
Wbito's in St. Jimes'it is the direct successor of 
White's Chocolate Hou^e, which is represented with 
St. JameM's Palace in Iht; fourth plate of Hogarth's 
Rake's Prvf/ress. (^Iiocolito was the excuee, gaming 
tho object of White's. Yet tho heverago wai mui^la 
drunk and very fa hicable in the days of The Tatler 
and Spcclatur. The Cocoa Tr. e was aho in St. 
James's Street. It was a T.iry ho \ai\ De Foe men 
tlons it to remark that "a Whig would no more (jo 
to the Cocoa Tref, than a T iry woiiM be si eu at 
the Coffee Uonsoof vSt. Jnmee's." Kieutually the Oocca 
Tree, like many of the taverns and oolfee liousca of 
the time, devulopod iuto u club, As su inatttuoe of 
t'le ftmilisr terms which miny of ih^ men of fashion 
permitted bctwee < themselves and tlie menials of 
thesi faraoug rendezvous, it in related tbai; .1 favourite 
waiter ua.nfd Samuel Spring, hiving occ^sioi to write 
'o George IV. when ho was Prince of Wales, ccm- 
m need bis letter in these words: " Sam, tt:e waitT 
at the Oocoa Tree, presentn his compliments to lha 
Prince of Wales, &l>\" Next rl.qy the Prince saw Sa'n, 
ami after a quiet rebuke as to the freedom of the 
style ct hi.s note, remarked: "This may be all very 
well botwpi n you and me, Sam, l>ut yon will find it will 
not do witb (he Nortolks and the Arundtl"." 
These pHS.-ieg thoughts with a few mental mrmo- 
rmJa as to the literature of White'i», and the Oh ico- 
late House, have scarcely been supplementei by a 
glance at the i vening papers when we run e aoothly 
in o Fritb'n Hailw <y Station, having made the journey 
of a hundri^d and eighteen m los in the time that 
it. would have taken the wits of St. Jameo's to get from 
the Cocoa Tree to Hichmoud. 
A PEllAK COFFEE ESTATE. 
The following notes by Sir Graeme Klphinstone 
are on th-i Waterloo Arabian Coffee Estate, Perak, 
and are from the I'erak Government Gazette : — 
Elevation. — The elevation of the average of the pre- 
sent opened area of Waterloo, and also of the surround- 
ing forest, which I consider most suitable for the suc- 
cessful cultivation of Arabian coffee, is some 2,300 feet. 
This elevation is similar to the elevation of what in 
Ceylon was termed the lower districts, but, although 
similar in that respect, there is a very marked 
difference in the temperature, and certainly the com- 
parison is favourable to Waterloo. I presume that 
the comparative coolness of the Waterloo climate is 
mainly attributable to the fact of there being so large 
an adjacent ai'ea of high mountain ranges covered 
with virgin forest, and also to the close proximity of 
the sea. 
Anyhow, there is no gainsaying the fact that at 
the elevation of the present bungalow, some 1,850 
feet, the climate is both pleasant and salubrious. 
Quality or Soil. — The present opened area 
of Waterloo is in extent some 270 acres. In the 
opened land there are four distinctly different 
qualities of soil, and all of them seem to be very 
suitable for the successful growth of coffee. Dr. 
Ilidley, who visited Waterloo last month, was highly 
pleased with the nature of the soils he passed 
through, and agreed, with my opinion as to their 
fertility ; there is a very good average depth all over 
the estate of some 20 feet (this is a much greater 
average depth than in any, district in Ceylon). I 
cannot speak with any certainty of what the soils 
may be deficient in, as I have not as yet been 
able to get samples analysed ; but if, as both Dr. 
Ridley and I believe, there may be a deficiency 
in lime, this deficiency can easily be supplied from 
the adjacent lime-kilns. However, that is as yet 
merely a conjecture, and at no very distant date 
I hope to have more certain information to work 
upon. 
Aspect. — In Ceylon we always preferred an 
eastern aspect, and here I find, from careful ob- 
servation, that it is of equal importance. Water- 
loo has an almost uniform eastern aspect, and this, 
I consider, reflects considerable credit on those who 
first selected the land. Whenever I select land for 
coffee, ! shall most certainly be most careful to 
select forest land with as much of an eastern 
aspect as can be obtained, and I would certainly 
advise intending planters to be careful on this point. 
Rainfall and Climatk. — The information I can 
gather from the estate books leads me to believe that 
the total annual rainfall is some 95 inches, and this, 
apparently, divided over tho twelve months ; but, for 
want of exact records, I cannot speak with certainty 
as to the amount. Now a careful record is kept, and 
will furnish correct data to go upon. From personal 
observation since the date of my arrival on the 11th 
December, 181)1, I have noted tho fact that on no 
biiiglc clay has there bcou coutiuuouij xiuu, and ou 
