35 
Observations by Dr. E. A. Schumann upon Dystocia 
IN Wild Animals. 
The specimens upon which these observations were 
made form the basis of a paper referred to in the opening 
paragraph of this report. 
Labor comphcated by the premature detachment of 
the placenta of a Black Lemur {Lemur macaco) No. 81, 
which was found dead in its cage. Upon autopsy the 
uterus contained a small fetus with one leg and the tail 
protruding from the vulva. The fetus was normal in 
size. There was a large amount of free blood in the 
uterine cavity and extensive extravasation into the 
myometrium. The placenta was completely detached. 
Dystocia due to Osteomalacia of the Pelvis. A 
Barbary Ape (Macacus innuus) No. 1958, which had 
been in the collection for two years and was ap- 
parently in good health, was discovered in labor. No 
progress being made and the animal becoming shocked, 
Dr. Fox made an ineffectual attempt to deliver by ver- 
sion, the monkey dying during the operation. Upon 
autopsy the uterus contained a fetus apparently at 
term. The head was extended so that the face pre- 
sented, but the head was not engaged. The cervix 
was fully dilated but the uterine muscle was relaxed 
and flaccid. (The fetus was dead when the animal was 
first examined.) The uterus contained two placentas 
as is normal for these apes, the left placenta being the 
place of attachment of the fetus while the right one was 
somewhat smaller and presented no unbilical cord. 
The fetus was normal in size and form, the face was 
extended and its lower portion far advanced in a caput 
succedaneum. The measurements of the fetal head 
were as follows: bi-temporal 5.5 cm, bi-parietal 6 cm, 
occipito-mental 8.5 cm, occipito-frontal 7.5 cm. The 
pelvis (dried specimen) presents a most interesting 
condition. The sacrum is bent sharply forward, carry- 
ing with it the border of the ilia, which are bent upon 
themselves forward and downward. The lateral walls 
of the pelvis are greatly narrowed, the ischia drawn in- 
