The BRITISH HERBAL. 
429 
3. Thiaie uponThiflle. 
Cerduiis caule criffa. 
The root is fibrous and white. 
Tlie ftalks are numerous, tough, upright, 
branched, and edged with very fharp priclcles. 
The leaves are long, narrow, of a deep green, 
divided at tlie edges, and very prickly. 
The flowers ftand at the tops of the branches 
in numerous finall heads ; and they are of a pale 
red. 
It is common under hedges, and flowers in 
July- 
C. Bauhine calls it Carduus fpimjlffmms atignjli- 
folius vulgaris. 
4. Welted Thiftle, with fniall flowers. 
Carduus fpimfiffimus fiorihis ainariius. 
The root is long, thick, and furniflied with 
many fibres. 
The rialk is three feet high, edged at the ieve- 
ral fides with prickly membranes from the bafes 
of the leaves, and of a dufliy green. 
The leaves are oblong, confiderably broad, 
dentated and finuated at the edges, and very 
prickly. 
The flowers are placed in fmall heads at the 
tops of the flialks, and in the bofoms of the up- 
per leaves, and they are of a pale red. 
It is found on ditch-banks in loamy foils, and 
flowers in Augufl:. 
C. Bauhine calls it Cardans acanthoidss. Pe- 
civer, Carduus fpinofjfimus capitulis minorihus. 
5. Marfli-Thiftle. 
Carduus palujlris. 
The root is compofed of numerotis, tough, 
brown fibres. 
The ftalk is upright, not much branched, and 
feven feet high : it is ufually of a brownifh co- 
lour, with a tinge of purple, and is very 
prickly. 
The leaves are long, and moderately bi-oad, of 
a deep green, and let with thorns. 
• The flowers ftand at the tops of the ftalk, fix 
or eight together ; and they are of a deep purple. 
It is frequent in meadows, and flowers in 
June. 
C. Bauhine calls it Carduus palujlris. Others, 
Carduus aquaticus. 
6. Marfli-Thiftle, with a Angle head. 
Carduus paluftris f:i<gutari copitula. 
The root is formed of numerous, thick, white 
fibres. 
The ftalk is upright, redifh, very prickly, not 
much branched, and four feet high. 
The leaves are very large, broad, oblong, and 
moderately prickly. 
The flower ufually ftands fingle at the fummit 
of the ftalk : it is a large prickly head, contain- 
ing numerous flofcules of a very bright purple. 
It is found in our fen countries, and flowers in 
July. 
Pkikenet calls it Carduus palujlris mitior bar- 
dana capitulo in fummo caule fingul art. 
The flower is fometimes white. 
N^XLIII. 
7. Dwarf Carjinc I'iiiltle. 
Carlhia humiiis. 
The root is long and thick, and has many 
fibres. 
The leaves lie fpread upon the ground j and 
they are tong and large, very deeply and irregu- 
larly divided at the edges, and fct with flrong, 
fliarp prickles. 
The flower is large, and of a fine purple : it 
fcarce riles from the ground, but grows in the 
centre of the leaves upon a very Ihort llalk. 
It is common in dry pafi:ures in many ot our 
fouthern counties, and flowers in July. 
C. Bauhine calls it Carlina acanUs f.ore nwiors 
purpurea. Others, Carlina acaulis jeptentrioiia- 
lium. 
8, Spear-Thiftle. 
Carduus lanceatus. 
The root is long, and hung with many fibres. 
The flalU is upright, fix feet high, very pricklVj 
and divided into numerous branches. 
The leaves arc long and large : their colour is 
a pale green ; and they are divided deeply at the 
edges into pointed fegments ; and at the ends are 
formed in the fame manner, refcmbling the point 
of a fpear. 
T!ie flowers grow at the tops of the branches ; 
and are large and purple. 
It is common in wafl:e places, and flowers in 
July. 
C. Bauhine calls it Carduus lanceatus latifoUus. 
9. Small Spear-Thiftle. 
Carduus lanceatus minor. 
The root is compofed of numerous fibres. 
The fl;alk is upright, divided into many 
branches, and four feet high : its colour is a 
greyifii green, and it is very prickly. 
The leaves are long, and narrow : they are 
deeply divided into fiiarp fegments •, and they 
run out into a long point at the end. 
The flowers are fmall, and of a pale red ; and 
they ftand in great clufl:crs at the extremities of 
the branches. 
It is common by way-fides, and flowers in 
Augufl;. 
Ray calls it Card:tus lanceatus f.ore ei capite mi- 
nor ib us, 
10. Giant-Thiftlc. 
Carduus lanceatus maxinius. 
The root is compofed of numerous fibres, con- 
nei5ted to a large head. 
The fl:alk is upright, firm, very prickly, not 
much branched, and eight feet high. 
The leaves are very large, long, confiderably 
broad, of a fine deep green, and divided in the 
fpcar-pointed manner at the fides and ends. 
The flowers are few in number ; but they are 
very large : they fliand at the tops of the branches, 
atid are of a fine purple. 
It is common in our northern counties, and 
flowers in July. 
Ray calls it Carduus lanceatus majcr. 
II. Wooiy 
