m 
The BRITISH HERBAL. 
449 
Wild Carline. 
Cniais carlim fyhejlris diclus. 
The root is long, flendcr, and hard. 
The ftalk is upright, firm, of a yellowilh 
green, and hairy. 
The leaves are long, moderately broad, full of 
prickles, and of a fhining green. 
The flowers are large, and of a dulky yellow ; 
they terminate the branches, and rife alfo from 
the bofoms of the leaves. 
We have it in dry paftures, flowering in Au- 
guft. 
C. Bauhine calls it Oiicus fyhejlris fpinofiori 
Others, Carlina fyhejlris. 
GENUS V. 
ELECAIVIPANE. 
II E L E N I U M. 
THE flower is compofed of numerous flofcules, arranged in a common cup. This is large, and 
compofed of many loofe fcales. The flofcules are of two kinds, tubular in the centre, and 
flat or lisjulated at the edge ; and the buttons on the threads have brifl:lcs behind them. 
Linnaius places this among the fyngenefia. 
Common Elecampane, 
Ildenmn vulgar e. 
The root is very large and thick, brown, 
fiefhy, and of an aromatick tafte. 
The flialk is five feet high, very thick, firm, 
and not much branched. 
The leaves are large, oblong, pointed, and 
of a yellowilli green. 
The flowers grow at the tops of all the 
branches ; and they are large and yellow. 
We have it wild in pafture-grounds in York- 
ihire. It flowers in July. 
C. Bauhine calls it Hdemum vuJgare. Others, 
Enula camfana, and fbme Imila ; Linnsus among 
others. 
The root is an excellent pefforal, and poflefles 
many other virtues. It is fuban:ringent and dia- 
phoretick. It is given with mofl: fuccefs in 
coughs, and diforders of the lungs j and is no 
way better than eaten candied. 
N U 
VI. 
GOLDEN ROD. 
V I R G A J U R E A. 
THE flower is compofed of numerous flofcules, arranged in a common cup 
and fcaly, and is formed of many oblong parts. The flofcules in the centr 
thofe which furround them on the edge flat. 
Linna:us places this with the others among the fyngenefia. 
This is oblong 
trc are tubular, and 
DIVISION I. 
BRITISH SPECIES. 
I . Common Golden Rod. 
Virga aurea vulgaris. 
The root is compofed of numerous fibres, con- 
ne£ted to an oblong head. 
The ftalk is upright, and two feet high ; and 
it is loaded with many branches. 
The leaves arc oblong, broad, and of a deep 
green. 
The flowers are very numerous, and of a fine 
gold yellow : they Hand at the tops of the ftalks 
and branches. 
It is common in dry places, and flowers in Au- 
guft. 
C. Bauhine calls it Virga aurea angujiifolia mi- 
iius ferrata. Others, Virga aurea vulgaris^ and 
fimply Fh'ga aurea. 
2. Marfh Golden Rod. 
Virga aurea -palujlris. 
The root is fibrous and white. 
The ftalks arc: numerous, flender, 
XLV, 
upright, 
and two feet high: they are ufually of a redifh 
colour, and are tiot much branched. 
The leaves are long, narrow, and beautifully 
ferrated at the edges. 
The flowers ftand in great numbers at the tops 
of the branches, and are large and yellow. 
It is a native of our fen-counties, and flowers 
in June. 
C. Bauhine calls it Conyza fahflris ferratifolia- 
3. Small, ferrated-leaved Golden Rod, 
Virga aurea humiUa foliis ferraiis. 
The root is compofed of numerous fibres, con- 
necled to a fmall head. 
The flalks are tough, upfighr, very much 
branched, and a foot high. 
The leaves are placed on long footftalks i and 
are narrow, and ferrated at the edges. 
The flowers are numerous, fmall, and yellow. 
It is found in our hilly northern and wcflern 
counties, flowering in July. 
Ray calls it Virga aurea vulgari humlUor. 
5 Y 4. Narrow- 
