APPENDIX. 
133 
to a quarter of a mile, towai'ds the eastward, opposite Littleton. 
Having passed this tract, we approach the principal stratum of 
the district, which is a portion of one of the most extensive 
surfaces of the Shanklin sand in England. This sand rises 
rapidly in many places to a considerable elevation : at St. 
Martha's Chapel it equals or out-tops the chalk, though less 
than a mile from it horizontally." This character extends over 
a great portion of the district, presenting numerous acclivities, 
the most conspicuous of which are St. Martha's Chapel, already 
mentioned, Chinthurst Hill, heights around Godalming, High- 
down Heath, Hascomb Beech, and the ridge of hills stretching 
thence by Bm'gate, Hambledon, Wormley and Barnacle Hill 
towards Hindhead, where an elevation of upwards of 900 feet 
above the level of the sea is attained. 
The heights in the immediate vicinity of Godalming offer ex- 
cellent sections of the Shanklin sand. HoUoway Hill affords a 
good example of the strata, which are composed of loose sandy 
materials, and abound in large concretions of chert and of Bar- 
gate-stone, " a conglomerate of quartz-grains and pebbles, held 
together by a strong calcareous cement, which is hard and sparry, 
and much used for the purpose of building." 
"The ferruginous concretions termed carstone are abundant 
on the Witley and Thursley Commons, and from being so com- 
pact as to ring under the hammer, are called clinkers by the quar- 
rymen. This stone sometimes occurs in plates or flakes, more 
than a quarter of an inch in thickness, and curved so as to 
resemble portions of consecutive layers of petrified wood." It 
furnishes an excellent road-material ; and gives that remarkable 
reddish hue to those roads which are Macadamized with this 
stone. Fragments of brown haematite, a kind of iron ore, occur 
in this district. There were anciently several iron-furnaces, 
of which the only memorials are four large ponds, called the 
Hammer Ponds. 
The only remaining portion of the district to be noticed is that 
forming the southern boundary, and which is occupied by the 
clay formation of the northern limit of the thickly wooded weald 
of Surrey. 
