68 
MAMMALS. 
Notice of the Brocks of Yarhouse, Bfounahen, Bowermadden, Old Stirkoke, 
and Dunheath in Caithness, etc. ^ Dr. Joseph Anderson. 1871. 
In this are many notices of remains of the same animals 
mentioned by Mr. Laing, with the addition of two fragments 
of bone of Bangifer tarandus found at Dunbeath, identified by 
Professor Owen, and figured by Dr. Anderson (p. 138); and 
those of a " large dog, or possibly wolf (?)," also from Dunbeath. 
Accompanying this interesting paper by the present Curator of 
the Society's Museum, is an Appendix giving " A List of Brochs 
in Scotland, and early notices of them" (p. 178), and a map to 
illustrate the same, showing the marvellous grouping of these 
ancient dwellings in the northern and western isles of Scot- 
land, and in the lone straths of the northern mainland. As this 
list and map together show, the largest number at present known 
are found in Caithness (79), Orkney (70), and Shetland (75), out 
of a total of 374 ; but Dr. Anderson adds, "uncertainty as to the 
true character " of the Danish (?) dry-built forts or castles, and 
the duns in the Outer, as well as in the Inner, Hebrides, " prevents 
their enumeration." We mention the above papers, and give 
these outlines of their contents, believing that a large field is 
still open to investigation amongst these brochs and kitchen- 
middens, and that there is abundance of interesting work for any 
one giving attention to the ancient distribution of animals ; and 
it may not be out of place to call the attention of the Sutherland 
Association to the subject. 
We append a list of the extinct mammals of Caithness as 
treated of in the above-mentioned papers : — 
* Ox (Bos longifrons). 
Horse (Fquus caballus) (fossilis ?). 
Ked Deer (Oervus elephas). 
Keindeer (Bangifer tarandvs)} 
Goat {Ca'prcb hircus). 
^ Read before the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 9th June 1871. — {Trans. 
Soc. of Ant., vol. V. pp. 131-198.) 
2 See also Dr. J. A. Smith's paper on " Occurrence of the Reindeer in Scot- 
land," op. cit. vol. viii. p. 200. 
