116 
BIRDS. 
Family TROGLODYTID^. 
57. Troglodytes parvulus, Koch. Common Wren. 
Eesident, and common everywhere in the east ; frequenting 
the very wildest places on the hillsides, especially the burn- 
courses overhung with long heather, even in the severest 
winter. Perhaps not quite so abundant in the west, still 
common in almost every suitable locality, singing loudly 
above the roar of the Kirkaig Falls, and sitting there 
almost within reach of the spray, and is decidedly an 
increasing species in the west (1885). 
In Caithness, in 1885, we were not struck with the abundance 
of this usually very common species ; but in our travel we 
certainly spent more time on the coast-lines than inland : 
therefore, no doubt, we did not meet with the wren till 
we arrived at Dunbeath. 
57b. Troglodytes " hirtensis," Seebohm. St. Kilda Wren- 
Family MOTAOILLIDiE, 
58. Motacilla alba, L. White Wagtail. 
59. Motacilla lugubris, Temm. Pied Wagtail. 
Summer visitant ; abundant everywhere in the county, rarely 
remaining the winter through ; arrives very early in spring. 
An abundant species in the county during the summer, where 
it goes by the name of " Willie Wagtail," a few only 
remaining through the winter, nor do these seem to be 
affected by cold, as a good many were observed by Mr. 
Osborne in the terribly severe and protracted storm of 
1867 (0. MSS., 1868). 
In 1885 we found this species very generally distributed, 
but not abundant, being commoner on the east coast than 
on the north. 
