80 
NAT. ORDER. PERSONATE. 
Propagation and Culture. The mode of propagation in the two 
first species is by the roots, which multiply easily, being parted in 
autumn or early in spring, and planted where they are to remainx 
The third sort must be raised annually from the seed, by sowing it 
in the autumn as soon as it is perfectly ripe. These plants will all 
rise in the following spring, and may be planted out in the borders 
and patches during the summer months. They are hardy and will 
endure almost any season, and succeed well in most soils and situa- 
tions. / 
These plants are all highly ornamental, and produce a most beau- 
tiful effect for two or three months in autumn, after the principal 
bloom of most others is over ; and from being of different colors, 
produce a great variety when planted in the borders of walks and 
pleasure-grounds. - 
Medical Properties and Uses. These plants all possess tonic, 
astringent, and stimulating properties. They are mostly used in 
connection with other agents in the form of Bitters, Tinctures and 
Decoctions. The leaves and heads are the parts recommended for 
use ; they are highly bitter, but of a pleasant nature, and give out 
their virtues both to water and alcohol. The Canadians and North- 
western Indians have long made use of these plants in the treatment 
of Liver complaints, Dyspepsia, Syphilis, and as a tonic to improve 
and correct the tone of the stomach. It should be gathered in the 
fall when the flower is in blossom, as the plant then possesses more 
virtues than at other times, and should be placed in a shady situa- 
tion to dry, out of the rays of the scorching sun. A tincture is 
made by adding one ounce of the dried leaves to one quart of dilu- 
ted alcohol ; the dose of which is one tea-spoonful, from twice to 
three times a day. An extract is prepared by evaporation of either 
the tincture or decoction. 
