$2 PRINCIPLES OF BOTANY, ETC. 
4, Fringed, (ciliata), when the margin is set witlt 
short, projecting hairs. 
5. Truncated, (truncata), when the upper part 
terminates in a transverse line. 
6. Pointed, (acuta), that has a short acute point. 
7. Acuminated, (acuminata), that has a long proc 
jecting point. 
8. Very short, (decurrens), that is hardly visible, 
and runs down the inside of the vagina. 
§ 36. 
The invVOLUCRE, (involucrum), consists of seve- 
ral leaves that differ in form from the proper leaves 
of the plant; they surround one or several flowers 
dnd enclose them before they unfold. ‘The involu- 
crum is particularly found in the umbelliferous 
ee § 59. ‘There are several varieties of it, viz« 
- Common, (wniversale), which incloses all the 
joie fig. 36. 
3. Halved, (dimidiatum), which surrounds only 
half of the stem. 
4, Hanging, (dependens), whien all the leafets 
hang down, as in Aethusa Cynapium. 
5. Two, three, four, or many-leaved, (di, tri, te- 
tra, or polyphyllum), that consists of two or more 
leafets*. 
* The Invofucrum has sometimes the appearance of a Ca- 
byx, § 67, and then is said to be calyciform, (ca/jezforme), as in; 
the liverwort, Anemone hepatica. The flower-stalk, § 17, im 
some species of this genus, as in Anemone pratensis, is sur~ 
rounded by an Involucrum, and is then called pedunculus inva- 
hacratus. 
§ 37. The 
