TERMINOLOGY. — [ 83 
§ 37. 
The rune1 differ so much in external appear- 
ance from other plants, that their parts cannot be 
compared with them. ‘The principal parts are the 
Volva, Annulus and Pileus. 
The wraprer, (volva), isa thick, and, in general, 
fleshy membrane, that envelopes the fungus in its 
young and unexpanded state, and when it is full 
grown remains close upon the ground. It has been 
considered as a part of the flower, but erroneously. 
In some fungi, as in the pufi-ball, Lycoperdon ste/- 
latum, fig. ‘7. it is deeply cut, and is then called 
star-like, (stellata) ; in others it is double, (duplex). 
§ 38. 
The rine, (annulus), is a thin membrane that is 
attached to the stalk, and encompasses it like a ring. 
When the fungus is young, this membrane is con- 
nected with the pileus, but afterwards separates from 
it. There are the following varieties of the an- 
nulus. 
1. Upright, (erectus), when the ring is fixed be- 
low, but free above, fig. 4. 
2. Inverted, (inversus), when the ring is fixed 
above, but free below, so that itis bell-shaped and 
hangs down, as in Agaricus mappa. 
5. Sitting, (sessilis), when, as in the above species, 
it is always attached by one side. 
4. Moveable, (qobilis), when the ring can be 
pushed up and down, as in Agaricus antiquatus. 
