PRINCIPLES OF BOTANY, &c. 18 
The shoots which a root sometimes sends from its 
sides are called suckers (stolones). 
The definition of a root in botanical terminology 
is different from that in physiology. The former 
considers every thing as root which is hid in the 
earth, with the exception of such’ parts as resemble 
buds. The latter calls only that root which serves 
for keeping the plant firm in the ground, or for 
conveying its nourishment: thus all the bulbous and 
fleshy roots, as they are called, are, strictly speaking, 
not roots; the fibres are the real roots; but more 
of this in the Physiology. 
Soelbile 
The various kinds of roots are the following : 
1. Spindle-shaped, ( fusiformis): perpendicular, 
thick above, and growing smaller as it descends, 
as in the carrot, Daucus carota, parsnip, See 
sativa. 
ap Perpendicular, (perpendicularis ), that is equally 
thick and goes perpendicularly into the ground, as 
in the shepherd’s purse, Thlaspi bursa pastoris. 
_ 3. Horizontal, (horizontalis), that lies horizontally 
in the ground, as in the common polypody, Poly- 
podium vulgare, fig. 15. 
4. Oblique, (obliqua), when the root lies obliquely 
in the ground, somewhat between the perpendicular 
and horizontal, as in thrift, Statice armeria. 
5p credsiaas (repens), when the root creeps hori- 
zontally under the earth, and at intervals pushes up. 
stems, as in the couch-grass, Triticum repens, 
4 5. Bit 
mt 
re yy. He ad 
a 
