188 PRINCIPLES OF BOTANY, ETC. 
§ 182. 
A species means each particular plant standing 
under a genus, which continues unchanged when 
raised from seed. A VARIETY, (varictas), is a plant 
differing in colour, figure, size or smeli from a 
known species, which easily by seed returns to 
the particular species it arose from. Species that 
require great attention to be distinguished from one 
another, but which constantly remain the same 
when raised from seed, are easily mistaken for va- 
rieties ; and on account of the great resemblance 
they have to one another some botanists give them 
the name of sussprcizs. But all these may be 
determined by the simple division into Species and 
Varieties, and as this division is easily understood, 
it seems superfluous to descend to Subspecies: Va- 
rieties must not be confounded with monsters, (MOoN- 
sTRA)3 these are, it is true, varieties, with this dif- 
ference that they are not continued by seed. Dis- 
eased plants have likewise sometimes the appearance 
of varieties; but they are easily distinguished, as 
we shall see hereafter. ‘The various rules, accord- 
ing to which species are to be ascertained, are not 
founded on the flower or fruit, but upon other parts 
of the plant. 
§ 183. 
In distinguishing species regard is not to be had to 
colour, smell, taste, size, or to the external surface, viz. 
whether it be smooth or hairy. 
When 
