268 PRINCIPLES OF BOTANY, ETC. 
straight and. simple stem, with a branchy divided 
top. But if the stem divides near the root, when 
the sap circulates more slowly, and each bud can 
unfold a branch, then this plant isa shrub. By 
means of change of soil, place, climate, and by art, 
trees may be changed into shrubs, and wice versa. 
2. Under shrubs, (Frutices minores), have very 
leafy branches, which, however, are very small, and 
only deposite a very delicate circle of vessels. 
Hence every bud attached to a petiolus is not then 
really evolved, as their branches are very few. 
‘They are besides, as their branches are so delicate, 
of short duration, and often replace their old de- 
eayed branches, by young shoots from the root. 
8. The pine tribe, (arbores accrosae). ‘Here we 
find, likewise, very leafy branches, but which on 
their extreme points only, and on one spot evolve 
several buds, of which that in the middle grows 
in a straight direction, the other diverging on its 
sides. Hence the appearance of some pines like - 
that of a twirling stick, by which, as every year a 
new one is added, the age of the tree may be 
found. He 
4. Shrubby eramina, (gramuina fruticosa), have a 
knotty culm, with dispersedly attached leaves. Each 
knot sends forth branches, . but without a knot no 
ante appear. 
. Palmae et Lilia frutescentia. ‘These have a sim- 
oe stem, which has, leaves only at its top; and if | 
this is injured, the stem decays. The last sometimes 
retain their life by lateral branches, but with the 
loss of the beauty of their growth and appearance. 
Besides 
