DISEASES OF PLANTS. 839 
easily, especially in spring till the end of June, pro- 
vided every part be brought into its natural pesition, 
firmly tied up, and properly supported. But if 
there is contusion, or if a thick stem or bough is 
fractured, then the whole must be taken off, or the 
stem cut down, to get new shoots, from the stock 
or the root. 
To prevent such an accident, trees with very 
tender boughs, must be as much as possible shel- 
tered from the wind; fruit-trees ought, when 
pruned, to have some of those buds, from which 
a fruit may be expected, cut off, and after a great 
fall of snow in gardens, this load should be taken 
off from the branches. Against the irresistible 
power of lightening, no means are of any service, 
except conductors, which however, would be too 
expensive, and even prove impracticable. 
§ 307. | 
Fissura.  Fissures or clefts are, when a solid 
part splits spontaneously in its length so as to leave 
acleft. It has two causes, superabundance of juice 
or sap, (polysarca), and frost. 
To heal a cleft of that kind, nothing else is re- 
quired than to put good grafting wax on the wound, 
that no rain or other contents of the atmosphere 
may destroy the stem. 
To prevent clefts, the bleeding or Gian as 
it is called, of such trees, the bark of which is very 
hard, may be of service. A moderate incision is 
made through the bark longitudinally ; and a plant 
which stands in too rich a soil, which of course will 
Dane produce 
