DISEASES OF PLANTS. 357 
But this would be as an operation too troublesome 
and precarious. 
§ 332. 
Mutilation happens especially in flowers, and the 
name fos mutilatus is used, when single parts of a 
flower, particularly the corol, are not quite per- 
fectly formed. ‘The causes of this mutilation are, 
unfavourable climate, and improper soil. Flowers, 
notwithstanding this mautilation, often bear perfect 
seeds. , 
The species of violet, Viola odorata and canina, 
produce not unfrequently in our climate, if the wea- 
ther is not warm enough, flowers wanting the co- 
rols. Campanula ybrida has in one part of Ger- 
many no corols, but is said to have them in France 
and Italy. In several of the companulate flowers 
we see sometimes the corol wanting, for instance, 
in Campanula pentagona, perfoliata, media. Some 
other plants, as Ipomoea, Tussilago, Lychnis, are 
liable to the same accident. Ruellia clandestina is 
thus called, because it has sometimes flowers want- 
ing the corols. The same is said to be the case in 
its native country, Barbadoes. 
_ Hesperis matronalis, during long continued moist 
weather, from superabundance of food, frequently 
bears flowers, where the corol has begun to form a 
second calyx. 
~The common clove pink, (Dianthus caryophyllus), 
augments the scales, (squamae), of its calyx so much 
that the flower becomes somewhat like the ear of 
wheat, and the corol never appears. Less conspi- 
L332 cuous - 
