PART 1. 
LECTURE II. 
GENERAL DIVISION OF THE SCIENCES WHICH RELATE TO MIND AND MATTEa— 
DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF BOTANICAL SCIENCE PARTS (FA FLOWER. 
The Universe, as composed of mind and matter, gives rise to va 
rious sciences. The Supreme Being we believe to be immaterial, c» 
pure mind. 
The knowledge of mind may be considered under two genercu 
heads. 
1. Theology,* or that science which comprehends our views of the 
Deity,, and our duties to Him. 
2. Philosophy of the human mind, or metaphysics^] which is the sci 
ence that investigates the mind of man, and analyzes and arranges 
its faculties. 
The knowledge of matter.^ which is included under the general 
term, Physics, may be considered under three general heads. 
1. Natural Philosophy, which considers the effects of bodies act- 
ing upon each other by their mechanical powers ; as their weight 
and motion. 
2. Chemistry, in w^hich the properties and mutual action of the 
elementary atoms of bodies are investigated. 
3. Natural History, which considers the external forms and char- 
acters of objects, and arranges them in classes. 
Natural History is divided into three branches. 
1. Zoology,]: which treats of animals. 
2. Botany, which treats of plants. 
3. Mineralogy, which treats of the unorganized masses of the gloDe 
as stones, earths, &c. Geology, which treats of minerals as they 
exist in masses, forming rocks, is a branch of mineralogy. 
Having thus presented you with this general view of the natural 
sciences, w^e will now proceed to that department which is to be the 
object of your present study. 
Departments in Botany. 
Botany§ treats of the vegetable kingdom, including every thing 
which grows, having root, stem, leaf, or Jiower. This science com- 
prehends the knowledge of the methodical arrangement of plants, of 
their structure, and whatever has relation to the vegetable kingdom. - 
The study of plants may be considered under two general heads. 
1st. The classification of plants by means of comparing their dif- 
ferent organs, is termed Systematic Bota.ny. 
2d. The knowledge of the relations and uses of the various parts 
of plants with respect to each other, is termed Physiological Botany. 
This department includes Vegetable Anatomy. 
♦ From the Greek TTieos, God, and logos, a discourse. \ ^ 
t From 7neta, beyond, and phusis, nnfure. This tt rm ori<:rinatpd with Aristotle, 
who, considering the study of the intellectual world as beyond that of the material 
world, or physics, called it metata pkusis. 
t From zee, life, and logos, a discourse. 
§ Fiom the Greek, botaiic, an herb. 
The Univeroc composed of two classes of i xistence -Divisions of the scienceci 
which relate (o mind— Those which relate to mattrr— Branches of Natural History— 
Dciinit)>>n of Boiauy— Systematic fiotanv — Puyi;ioK>y,ical Bcntauv. 
