GROUPS OF CLA«WES. 
135 
tries ; without Ihis uniformity no permanent improvement could be 
made in the science. 
Botanical names are chiefly taken from the Greek and Latin; these 
being the common languages of the learned world. All books on 
botany were, for a long time, written in Latin ; — the original works 
of Linnaeus are in that language. Although it is important to the 
interests of science that there should be such a medium, by which the 
learned may communicate, it is also highly important to the general 
improvement and happiness of mankind, that their discoveries should 
1)6 made accessible to all; — it would be useless to attempt to divest 
botany of all its technical terms, and names borrowed from the dead 
languages ; in doing this we should destroy the science, and intro- 
duce confusion in the place of order. But such facihties are now 
offered, that every young person can easily become acquainted with 
the grand outlines of the vegetable world ; — and, oh, how much are 
the beauties of nature enhanced, when viewed with the eye of a 
philosopher, and the emotions of a Christian ! 
Groups of Classes and Orders in the Linncean System, 
1st. The first ten classes are founded upon the number of stamens. 
2d. Eleventh and Twelfth^ upon the number and insertion of stamens. 
3d. Tiiirteenth and Fourteenth, upon number and relative length of stamens. 
4th. fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, smd Eighteenth, apon connexion of stamena 
by filaments or anthers. 
5th. Nineteenth and Twentieth, upon position of stamens, relative to the pistil. 
The Twenty-first class includes all plants which either have not stamens and pis- 
tils, or in which these organs are too minute to be seen without the help of a micro 
scope. 
The Orders are founded, 
1st. Upon the number of pistils. 
2d. Upon the seeds being covered or uncovered in the calyx. 
3d. The relative length of the pods. 
4th. The comparison between the disk and ray-florets of compound flowers. 
5th. Number of stamens. 
6th. The orders of the class Cryptogamia are distinguished by natural family cha- 
racters. 
Names of the Artificial Classes, 
1. MoNANDRiA, one stamen. 
2. DiANDRiA, two stamens. 
3. Triandria, three stamens. 
4. Tetrandria, four stamuns. 
5 P^iNTANDRiA, fivc stamcns. 
6. Hexandria, six stamens. 
7. Heptandria, seven stamens. 
8. Octandria, eight stamens. 
^ 9. Enneandria, nine stamens. 
10. Decandria, ten stamens. 
11. IcosANDRiA, over ten stamens, situated on the calyx. 
12. PoLYANDRiA, ovcr ten stamens, situated on the receptacle, 
13. DiDYNAMiA, four siamens, two long and two short, flowers labiate. 
14. Tetradynamia, six stamens, four long and two short, flowers cruciform. 
15. MoNADELPHiA, stameus united by their filaments into one set. 
16. DiADELPHiA, stamens united by their filaments into two sets, flowers papiliona* 
ceous. 
17. Syngenesia, five stamens united by their anthers, fiowers compound. 
18. Gynandria, stamens growing on the pistil. 
19. MoN(EciA, stamens and pistilsj on different flowers of the same plant. 
20. DicEciA, stamens and pistils on different flowers of different plants. 
21. CRYProGAMiA, stamens and pistils invisible. 
Why are botanical names taken from the Greek and Latin?— Why cannot all the 
'terms m botany be translated into common language 1— Repeat the distinctions in 
the groups of the Linnaeaii classes 7— On what are the orders founded 1— Repeat tht 
names and characters of the artificial classes. 
