38 CLASS V. 
superior, minute, angular, 4-cleft; corolla 
fuDnel-form ; receptacle globular, hairy; 
capsule 2 to 4-celled ; seed solitaiy, oblong, 
(button-bush.) 
Dlp"sACUS. Flowers in an ovate orround- 
ish head ; common calyx polyphiilous,folia- 
ceous, proper calyx monopbyllous, supe- 
rior; corolla tubular, 4 cleft; seed solitary; 
receptacle conic, chafty. (teasel.) 
Ga'lium. Calyx 4 -toothed ; corolla flat, 
4-cleft ; fruit dry ; .seeds 2, roundish ; leaves 
Btellate. (bedstraw.) 
Ru'bia. Calyx small. 4-toothed, supe- 
rior; corolla bell-form; filaments shorter 
than the corolla ; fruit pulpy, (madder.) 
ScABio'SA. Involucre many leaved ; calyx 
double, superior ; corolla tubular ; filaments 
longer than the limb of the corolla; seed 
naked, crowned by the calyx. 
Dio'dia. Calyx with the tube ovate, 2 or 
4-toothed ; corolla funnel-form, 4-lobed; cap- 
sule ovate. 2-celled. 
Hkdyo'tis. Calyx 4-toothed; corolla tu- 
bular, bearded at the throat, 4 parted ; cap- 
sule ovate, 2 celled, many-.seeded. 
Housto'nia. Calyx 4 toothed; corolla i 
salver form, 4 cleft; cap.sule 2-celled, many- 
seeded, opening transversely, (innocence.) 
Spermaco'ce. Corolla funnel-form, 4-cleft; 
capsule 2 celled ; .seeds 2, 2-toothed. S. 
Mitch el"la. Calyx 4 toothed ; corollas 2 
on each germ, funnel-ibrm, tube cylindric, 
limb 4 parted, spreading, villose on the in- 
side ; stamens scarcely exsert, stigma 4 cleft; 
berry double, 4 see<led. (partridge-berry.) 
Linn^'a, Calyx double, that of the fruit 
2-leaved, inferior, that of the stigma glo- 
bose; berry 3-celled, dry. (twin-flower.) 
Cor"nus. Calyx 4-toolhed; drupe with a 
2-celled nut. Some species have a 4-leaved ! 
involiicrum. (dogwood, false box.) 
Ludwig"ia. Calyx 4 parted, persistent ; 
corolla sometimes 3 ; capsule quadrangular, 
4-celled, inferior, many-seeded. 
Ei.eag"nus. Calyx 4-cleft. bell form, col- 
ored within ; anthers sub-.se.ssile ; style short; 
drupe 1-seeded, marked with 8 furrows, ts'. 
Polypke'mum. Calyx 4 parted; corolla 
4 cleft, wheel-form, bearded at the orifice, 
stamens included ; capsule compressed, 2- 
celled, many-seeded. S. 
B. Flo'oers inferior. 
Plant a'go. Calyx 4-cleft; corolla 4-cleft, 
reflex; capsule 2-celled, opening trans- 
versely ; stamens exsert, very long, (plan- 
tain, ribwort.) 
Centaukel^'la. Calyx 4 parted; corol- 
la sub-campanulate, .segments somewhat 
erect; stigma thick; capsule 1-celled. 2- 
valved, many seeded, surrounded by the 
persistent calyx and corolla. 
Ex"acum. Calyx deeply 4-parted ; corol- 
la 4 cleft, tube globose; capsule bisulcate, 
2-celled, many-seeded. 
Swer"tia. Calyx flat. 4 or 5 parted ; corol- 
lii 4 or 5-parted, tube short, border spraad- 
ing', with 2 pores at the base of each ; style 
short; stigma 2 ; capsule 1 celled, 2-valved. 
Frase'ra. Calyx deeply 4 parted ; co- 
rolla 4 parted, spreading ; segments oval, 
with a bearded orbicular gland in the mid- 
OilUER I. 
die of each ; capsule compressed, partly 
ernarginate, 1-celled ; seeds few, large, im- 
bricate, with a membranou3 margin. 
Ammann"ia. Calyx bell-tubular, plaited, 
8-toothed ; petals 4 or none, on the calyx ; 
cap.sule 4-celled, many-seeded (sometimea 
2 celled and 8 stamened). (tooth cup.) 
Pte'lea. Calyx 4-parted ; petals 4, 
spreading; stigmas 2; samara compressed, 
orbicular, 2-celled, 2-seeded. 
Ly'cium. Corolla tubular, having the 
throat closed by the beards of the fila- 
ments ; stamens often 5 ; berry 2-celled, 
many seeded, (matrimony.) 
Krame'ria. Calyx none ; corolla 4 or 5- 
petalled ; nectary 4-leaved ; anthers perfo- 
rated ; drupe prickly. S. 
Cal'^licar^pa, Calyx 4-cleft; corolla 
4-cleft : berry 4-seeded. S. 
Rivi'na. Corolla 0 ; perianth 4-parted, 
persistent; stamens 4, 8, and 12; style 1 ; 
berry 1-seeded ; .seeds lentiform, scabrous. 
Icto'des. General calyx a spatha ; spa- 
dix simple, covered with flowers ; perianth 
corolla-like, deeply 4 parted, permanent, 
becoming thick and spongy ; style pyramid- 
form, 4-sided; stigma simple, minute; ber- 
ries globo.se, 2 seeded, enclosed in the 
spongy spadix receptacle, (.skunk cabbage.) 
Sanguisor"ba. Calyx colored. 4-lobed, 
with 2 scales at the base ; capsule 4-sidedp 
1 or 2 celled, (burnet saxifrage.) 
Alchemil"la. Calyx 8-cleft, segments 
spreading, alternately .smaller ; style lateral 
from the base of the germ ; fruit surrounded 
by the calyx, (ladies' mantle.) 
ORDER II. DIGYNIA, 
' Hamame'lis. Involucrum 3-leaved ; peri- 
anth 4-leaved or 4-cleft ; petals 4, very long, 
linear; nut 2-celIed, 2 horned, (witch ha- 
zel.) Flowers in autumn, and perfects its 
seed the following spring. 
Apha'nes. Calyx 2-cleft, alternate, seg- 
ments minute ; petals none ; stamens mi- 
nute ; styles 2 ; seeds 2, covered by the 
converging calyx, one of them often abor- 
tive ; stamqns 1, 2, and 4. S. 
ORDER IV. TETRAGYNIA, 
. I'lex. Calyx minute, 4 or 5-toothed ; 
corolla 4-parted ; style 0 , stigmas 4 ; berry 
4- celled. cells 1-seeded. (holly.) 
Nemopan^thes. Flowers abortively di- 
oecious or polygamous ; calyx small, scarce- 
ly conspicuous ; petals 5, distinct, oblong- 
linear, deciduous ; ovaiy hemispheric, style 
none; stigmas 3-4 sessile; berry sub-glo- 
bose, 3-4 celled. 
Rup"piA-. Calyx 0; corolla 0; seeds 4, 
pedicelled. 
Sagi'na. Calyx 4 or 5-parted ; petals 4 
— 5. or none ; stamens 4 or 5 ; capsule 4 or 
5- valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. 
Potamoge'ton. Flowers on a spadix; cal- 
yx and corolla 0 ; nuts 4. I seeded, sessile 
CLASS V. PENTANDRIA. 
ORDER 1. MONOGYNIA. 
A. Flowerx i-prtalled, inferior; seeds na- 
ked in the bottom of tlie calyx. 
ROUGH-l EAVED plants. 
Myoso'tis. Calvx half 5-cleft. or ."i-cleft; 
corolla salver-form, cuivod, 5-clefl, vauked. 
