CLASS xvir. 
Stk via. Receptacle naked ; egret chaff- 
bristled , involucre cylindric, from a simple 
series of leafets. S. 
Brickel^lia. Receptacle naked, dotted ; 
egi'et hairy or scabrous ; akenes nearly gla- 
brous, 10-streaked ; involucre many-leaved, 
imbricate. (S. 
C. Florets tiihulous ; Jiower discoid. 
Eupato'rium. Calyx imbricated (rarely 
siiople), oblong ; style long, cloven half way 
down ; egret pilose, scabrous, or rough pa- 
pillose ; receptacle naked ; seed smooth and 
glandular, 5-striate. (boneset, therough- 
wort, joepye.) 
Mika'nia. Calyx 4-6-leaved, 4-6-flower- 
ed i receptacle naked ; egret pilose. 
KuH NiA. Calyx imbricate, cylindric ; re- 
ceptacle naked ; egi-et plumose, sessile ; 
seed pubescent, striate, (false bone.set.) 
Polyp^'teris. Involucrum many-leaved, 
leaves oval ; egi*et chaffy, many-leaved, the 
chaff broad-subulate, cuspidate, rigid, as 
long as the seed. 
Chrysoco'ma. Calyx imbricate, oblong; 
receptacle naked ; egret haiiy, scabrous ; 
seed puoescent. (golden-locks.) 
Caca'lia. Calyx cylindi-ic, scaly at the 
base ; receptacle naked ; egret hairy, (wild- ! 
caraway.) 
Sparganoph"orus. Calyx sub-globose, 
imbricate ; scales secured at the point ; re- 
ceptacle naked ; seed crowned with a car- 
tilaginous, shining cup. (water-crown-cup.) 
;Si. 
Marshai/'lia. Involucrum imbricate; 
scales sub-lanceolate, incumbent ; recepta- 
cle chaffy ; egret 5, membranaceous, acu- 
minate ; nerveless scales. 
Melananthe'ra. Involucrum imbri- 
cate ; leafets ovate, c]o.«e-pressed, sub-equal ; 
receptacle chafly ; scales keeled, the lower 
part embracing the florets ; egret consisting 
of 4 or 5 unequal, unarmed awns. 
Santoli'na. Calyx imbricate, hemi- 
spherical ; scales keeled, with scarious 
points. S. 
Agera'tum. Egret with 5 somewhat 
awned scales ; leaves of the calyx oblong, 
in a double row ; corolla 4 or 5-cleft ; recep- 
tacle naked. Ex. 
order II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 
A. Flowers discoid; the ray-Jlorets being 
obsolete. 
Tanace'tum. Calyx imbricate, hemi- 
spheric ; scales acuminate ; rays obsolete, 
3 cleft ; egi'et somewhat marginal ; recepta- 
cle naked ; flowers corymbed. (tansey.) 
Artemi'sia. Calyx imbricate, ovate, with 
scales rounded, converging ; ray-florets sub- 
lalate; egret 0; receptacle somewhat vil- 
lose, or nakedish ; flowers mostly rounded, 
(wormwood, .southern wood.) <§. 
Gnapha'lium. Calyx imbricate, with the 
marginal scales rounded, scarious, shortish, 
glossy, colored ; receptacle naked ; egret 
pilose or plumo.se, scabrous ; florets of the 
ray subulate, of the disk entire. Sometimes 
all the florets are perfect. (Ufe everlasting.) 
Cony'za. Involucre imbricate, the scales 
ORDER IL 59 
appressed ; receptacle naked ; marginal flo- 
rets fertile, 3-cleft ; egi'et simple, capillary ; 
acines hairy. 
Bac^'charis. Calyx imbricate, cylindric ; 
scales ovate, sub-coriaceous ; fertile floreta 
mixed with the perfect ; receptarcle naked; 
egret hairy, (gi-oundsel-tree.) 
Pterocau'lon. Involucre imbricate, 
with close-pressed, downy, sub-scariou3 
scales ; receptacle naked ; perfect and pis- 
tillate florets intermixed, the pistillate ones 
slender, border 3-toothed, perfect ones with 
a 5-cleft border ; egret hairy, scabrous ; 
akenes angled, hairy. jS. 
B . Flowers radiate ; the ligidate ray-Jlorets 
very manifest. [Keceptacle 7iaked.] 
Eri'geron. Calyx imbricate, sub-hemi- 
spherical ; florets of the ray very numerous 
and naiTOw ; egret double, outer minute, 
inner hairy, of few rays. 
Inu'la. Calyx imbricate, generally squar- 
rose ; egret simple, scabrous, sometimes a 
minute, exterior, chafty one ; anthers ending 
in 2 bristles at the base ; ray-florets numer- 
ous, always yellow, (elecampane.) 
As^ter. Calyx imbricate, the inferior 
scales generally spreading ; egret simple 
pilose ; receptacle often deep-pitted ; florets 
of the ray more than 10, except in a few 
species ; color purple or white, never yel- 
low, (star-flower.) 
Solida'go. Calyx oblong or sub cylin- 
dric, with oblong, naiTOw, pointed, straight 
scales, imbricate, closed upon the flower ; 
ray-florets about 5, and fewer than 10, lan- 
ceolate, 2-toothed, equal to, or shorter than 
the calyx ; filaments capillary, very short ; 
style thread form, equalling the length of the 
stamens; stigma-cleft, spreading ; egret sim- 
ple, pilose, scabrous ; receptacle furrowed 
with dots or punctures ; seeds oblong, ovate; 
yellow, (golden-rod.) 
Tussila'go. Calyx simple, swelling, 
scales equal, and equalling the disk, sub- 
membranous ; pistillate florets ligulate or 
without teeth ; egret simple, sessile ; some- 
times polygamous, (colt's-foot.) 
Chrysan^'themum. Calyx hemispheri- 
cal, imbricate, with the scales membranous 
at the margin ; egret none, or a narrow mar- 
gin, (ox-eyed daisy, fever-few.) 
Bel"lis. Calyx hemispherical; scales 
equal ; egret 0 ; receptacle conical ; seed 
ovate, (garden daisy.) Ex. 
Tage'tes. Calyx simple, 1-leafed, 5- 
toothed. tubular ; florets of the ray about 5 
permanent; egret 5 erect awns, (mary 
gold.) Ex. 
Matrica'ria. Involucre flat, imbricate, 
with scales having scai'ious margins ; recep- 
tacle naked, terete ; egret none. Ex. 
Tri'co'phyl"lum. Involucre oblong-cyl- 
indric, many-leaved, equal ; ray-florets ob- 
long ; receptacle naked ; egret chafty, mi- 
nute, 5 to 8-leaved ; leafets obtuse, awnless. 
S. 
Pec''tis. Involucrum 5-leaved ; ray-flo- 
rets 5 ; receptacle naked ; egret 3-5 awns, 
i Arni'ca. Calyx hemispherical, leafets 
i equal, longer than the disk ; receptacle na- 
