60 
CLASS XVIII ORDER 1. 
ked ; egret simple, hairy ; florets of the ray 
yellow, often destitute of anthers. 
Sene'cio. Calyx sub-cylindric, equal, 
scaly at the base ; scales withered at the 
points ; receptacle naked ; egret simple ; 
rays sometimes wanting, (lire-weed.) 
Cinera'kia. Involucre simple, many- 
leaved, equal ; egret simple. 
Bolto'nia. Calyx imbricate ; rays nu- 
merous ; receptacle conic, punctate ; seeds 
flat ; egret consisting of minute bristles, 
with 2 elongated and opposite bristles, 
(false chamomile.) 
CHRysop"sis. Calyx imbricated; ray- 
florets mostly yellow ; receptacle naked ; 
egret double, outer one chaffy, minute, in- 
ner one scabrous, many-rayed. S. 
Dah^lia, Receptacle chaffy; egret none; 
calyx double, outer one many -leaved, inner 
one 1-leaved, 8-parted. Ex. 
[Receptacle chaffy or hairy.] 
An^themis. Calyx hemispherical ; scales 
with scarious margins, nearly equal ; egret 
0, or a membranous margin ; florets of the 
ray more than 5 ; receptacle chaffs flat, with 
a rigid, acuminate apex ; seed crowned 
with a membranous border or egret, (may- 
weed, chamomile.) 
Achille'a. Calyx imbricate, ovate, un- 
equal ; egret 0 ; florets of the ray 5 to 10, 
roundish, dilated ; flowers corymbed. (yar- 
row.) 
Heliop"sis. Calyx imbricate, with ovate- 
linear lined scales; ray-florets linear, large; 
receptacle chaffy, conic ; the chaffs lanceo- 
late ; seeds 4-sided ; egi-et 0. (sun-ray.) 
Hele'nium. Calyx 1 leafed, many-part- 
ed ; egret 5 awned, chaffy leaves ; recepta- 
cle globose, naked in the disk, and chatty 
in the ray only ; florets of the ray half 3- 
cleft ; seed villose ; leaves decurrent. (false 
sunflower.) 
Verbesi'na. Calyx many -leaved; leafets 
disposed in a double series ; rays about 5 ; 
receptacle chafty; egret awned. (crown- 
beard.) 
Echp"ta. Involucrum many-leaved, the 
leaves nearly equal ; florets of the disk 4- 
cleft ; egret none ; receptacle bristly. S. 
Siegesbec"kia. Outer involucrum 5- 
leaved, spreading, inner one many-leaved, 
5-angled, nearly equal ; rays only on one 
side of the flower ; receptacle chafty ; egret 
0 ; akenes somewhat 4 sided. IS. 
Zin"nia. Calyx ovate, cylindric; rays 5, 
entire, permanent; receptacle chaffy; egret 
S, erect awns, (blood marygold.) <i>. 
ORDER III. POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANIA. 
He'lian"thus. Calyx imbricate, sub- 
squarrose, leafy ; receptacle flat, chaffy ; 
eg)-et 2-leaved, chaft'like, caducous, (sun- 
flower, Jerusalem artichoke.) 
Rudbeck"ia, Calyx consisting of a dou- 
ble series of leafets or scales; receptacle 
chaffy, conic ; egret a 4-toothed margin, or 0. 
(cone-flowerj 
Bi'dens. Calyx sub-equal, leafy or scaly 
at the base ; rays often wanting ; receptacle 
chaffy, flat; egret of 2 or 4 awns, seed 
qu ad ran gular. ( b urr -marygold.) 
CoREOP"sis. Calyx double, each series 
many-leaved, the interior equal and colored; 
receptacle chaffy; scales flat; seed com- 
pressed, emarginaie. <S. 
Centau"rea. Calyx various, mostly im- 
bricate, roundish ; egret simple, various ; 
receptacle bristly ; corollas of the ray fun- 
nel-shape, longer, irregular, (blue-bottle, 
blessed thistle.) Ex. 
Lep^'tdpo'da. Involucrum simple, many 
parted; rays 20 or more, 3 cleft, widening 
at the top ; receptacle naked, hemispheri- 
cal ; egret con.sists of 8 to 10 awnless, chaff- 
: like valves. S. 
I Galar^bia. Involucre many-leaved, flat, 
sub-equal ; rays 3-cleft, widening toward 
the top ; receptacle bristly, hemispherical ; 
I egret chaffy ; leafets 8 to 10, awned. S. 
I Actinome''ris. Calyx simple. m"any- 
leaved, foliaceous, sub-equal, remote, elon- 
gated, 4 to 8 ; receptacle small, chaffy ; seed 
compressed ; margin crowned with 2 per- 
sistent awns. 
ORDER IV. POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA. 
I Calen"dula. Calyx many-leaved, equal; 
receptacle naked ; egret none ; seeds of the 
disk membranaceous, (pot marygold.) Ex. 
Silph"iu!vi. Calyx squarrose, scales 
broad and leafy; receptacle chaffy; seed 
flat, obcordate, emarginate, bidentate. 
Polym"nia. Calyx double, exterior 4 to 
5-leaved, interior 10-leaved ; leafets con 
cave ; receptacle chaffy ; egret 0. 
j Gymnosty'les. Involucre many-leaved, 
i the leafets in a single series ; pistillate flor- 
ets, apetalous ; akenes compressed, some- 
what toothed at the summit, awned with 
the permanent style.s. 6'. 
i Parthe'nium. Involucrum 5-leaved; 
rays very small ; receptacle chaffy, minute ; 
outer scales dilated ; akenes obovate, mi. 
nutely 3-awned, 
I I'vA. Calyx about 5-parted ; florets of the 
: ray 5 ; receptacle having seeds obovate, na- 
I ked. (high-water shrub.) 
1 Ch ry^'sogo'num. Involucre 5-leaved ; re- 
ceptacle chaffy ; egret 1-leaved, 3-toothed ; 
akenes sun-ounded by a 4-leaved calycle. S. 
ORDER V. POLYGAMIA SEGREGATA. 
Elephanto'pus. Partial calyx 4-flow- 
ered ; florets 5-cleft, ligulate. perfect ; recep- 
• tacle naked ; down setaceous, (elephant- 
foot.) 
Echi'nops. Proper calyx 1-flowered 
corolla perfect, tubular ; receptacle setose 
(globe-thistle.) Ex. 
CLASS XVIIL GYNANDRIA. 
ORDER I. MONANDRIA. 
A. Anthers adnate, sub-terminal, not ca 
ducous ; masses of pollen affixed hy the 
base, and made up of angular particles. 
Or^chis. Corolla ringent like, upper pe- 
tal vaulted ; lip dilated, spurred beneath ; 
masses of pollen 2, adnate, terminal, (or- 
chis.) 
