CLASS XIX. 
fiorets many, in an imbricate head ; partial 
perianth superior, 2 or 3-sepaIled. Stamin- 
ate fiowers central, with monopetalous-cleft 
corollas. Pistillate flowers marginal, with 
2-petalled corollas ; stigmas 2 or 3 ; capsule 
2 or 3-celled, 2 orS-lobed ; pericarp 1-seed- 
ed, crowned with the corolla, (pipe wort.) 
Xan"thium. Monoecious. Staminate 
flowers : involucrum imbricate ; anthers ap- 
proximate, but not united ; receptacle chaf- 
fy. Pistillate flowers: involucrum 2-leaved, 
1 - flowered ; corolla none ; drupe muricate, 
2- cleft ; nut 2-celled. (sea-burdock.) 
Ur^'tica. Staminate flowers: calyx 4- 
leaved ; corolla 0 ; nectaiy central, cyathi- 
form. Pistillate flowers : calyx 2-leaved, 2- 
valved ; corolla 0; seed 1, glos.sy. (nettle.) 
Mo'rus. Staminate flowers : calyx 4- 
parted ; corolla 0. Pistillate flowers : calyx 
4-leaved ; corolla 0 ; styles 2, calyx becom- 
ing berry-like ; seed 1. (mulberry.) S. 
Bvx"us. Staminate flowers: calyx 3- 
leaved ; petals 2. Pistillate flowers: calyx 
4-leaved ; petals 3 ; styles 3. (box.) Ex. 
Amaran^'thus. Staminate flowers: ca- 
lyx 3 or 5-leaved ; corolla 0 ; stamens 3 or 
5. Pistillate flowers : calyx and corolla as 
the staminate ; styles 3 ; capsule 1 -celled, 
opening transversely; seed 1. (amaranth, 
red cockscomb.) 
Ambro'sia. Staminate flowers : common 
calyx 1-leafed ; anthers in contact, but not 
united ; corolla 1-petalled, 5-cleft, funnel- 
form ; receptacle naked. Pistillate flowers: 
calyx 1-leafed, entire, or 5-toothed, 1 -flow- 
ered ; corolla 0 ; nut covered with the indu- 
rated calyx, 1 -seeded, (hog- weed.) 
Pachysan^'dra. Calyx about 4-sepalled; 
corolla none ; filaments sub-clavate ; styles 
3 ; capsules 3 horned, 3-celled ; cells 2-seed- 
ed. 
Schizan"dra. Calyx 9-sepalled ; sepals 
in 3 series ; corolla 0 ; anthers sub-sessile, 
cohering at the tips ; berries 1 -seeded, in- 
serted on an elongated receptacle. <S^. 
Parieta'ria. Polygamous. Perfect flow- 
ers : calyx 4-cleft, inferior ; corolla none ; 
stamens elastic; style 1 ; seed 1. Pistillate 
flowers : calyx 2-sepalled ; nut covered 
with the dry elongated calyx, (pellitoiy.) 
order VI. HEXANDRIA. 
Ziza'nia. Staminate and pistillate flow- 
ers mixed. Staminate flowers : calyx 0 ; 
corolla-glume 2-valved, awned. Pistillate 
flowers : glume 2-valved, hooded, awned ; 
style 2 parted ; seed inverted in the plaited, 
glume-like corolla, (wild-rice.) 
Hydrochlo'a. Pistillate flowers: glumes 
none ; paleas awnless. Staminate flowers : 
glumes none ; paleas 2, awnless ; stigmas 
9. veiy long ; seed 1, reniform. 
Co'cos. See specific description. 
order XII. polyandria. 
A. Stems not woody. 
Sagitta'ria. Staminate flowers : calyx 
3- leaved ; corolla 3-petalled ; filaments most- 
ly 24. Pistillate flowers : calyx and corolla 
as in the stamuiate ; germs many ; japsules 
ORDER XTT. 63 
aggregate, 1 -seeded, not opening. (aiTow- 
head.) 
Ceratophyl'''lum. Staminate flowei-s: 
calyx many-parted ; corolla none ; stamens 
16-'20 ; anthers tricuspidate. Pistillate flow- 
ers : corolla none ; style 1, filiform ; nut 1- 
seeded. (horn-wort.) 
My'riophyl^'lum. Flowers monoecious, 
or rarely perfect. Staminate florets : calyx 
4-parted ; petals 4-lobed, alternating with 
the calyx, ovate, caducous ; stamens 4-6, or 
8. Pistillate flowers : calyx adhering to the 
ovai-y ; hmb 4-lobed ; petals none ; nuts 4, 
compressed or sub-globose, 1-seeded. (wa- 
ter milfoil.) 
A'rum. Spatha cucullate, 1-leafed ; spa- 
dix not entirely covered with the fructifica- 
tion, being more or less naked above, with 
pistillate flowers beneath, and staminate in 
the middle (sometimes a few are staminate 
beneath ; berry mostly 1-seeded, generally 
cin-ose-glandular beneath). (Indian, or wild 
turnip, wakerobin.) 
Rensselae'ria. Spatha convolute ; spa- 
dix covered with flowers, fertile at base, 
sterile above ; perianth 0 ; berry 1-seeded. 
(spear ai-um.) 
Cal"la. Spatha ovate, becoming ex- 
panded ; spadix covered vdth the fructifi- 
cation ; stamens intermixed. Staminate 
flowers : calyx and corolla 0 ; anthers ses- 
sile. Pistillate flowers : calyx and corolla 
0 ; berries 1-celled, many-seeded, crowned 
with the short style, (water-arum.) 
Pote'rium. Staminate flowers : calyx 4- 
leaved ; corolla 4-parted ; stamens 30 to 50. 
Pistillate flowers : calyx and corolla like 
the staminate ; pistils 2 ; beny from the in- 
durated tube of the corolla, (burnet.) 
B. Stems woody. 
Quer^cus. Staminate flowers: ament 
loose ; calyx sub 5-cleft ; corolla 0 ; stamens 
5 to 10. Pistillate flowers : calyx 1-leafed, 
entire, scabrous, being a woody cup ; style 
1 ; stigmas 2 to 5 ; nut or acorn 1-celled, 1- 
seeded, coriaceous, surrounded at the base 
by the permanent calyx, (oak.) 
Cory'lus. Staminate flowers : ament 
cylindric, imbricate ; calyx a 3-cleft scale ; 
pericarp none ; stamens about 8. Pistillate 
flowers : calyx 2-parted, laciniate ; stigmas 
2 ; nut ovate, surrounded by and included in 
the permanent leaf-like calyx, (hazle nut.) 
Fa'gus. Staminate flowers : ament round- 
ish ; calyx 5 or 6-cleft, bell-form ; stamens 5 
to 12. Pistillate flowers : calyx 5-toothed, 
setose ; germs 2 ; nuts 2, enclosed in the ca- 
lyx, becoming coriaceous, echinate. (beech.) 
Casta'nea. Polygamous. Staminate 
flowers : ament naked, linear ; corolla 
or calyx 1-leafed, 5 or 6 parted ; stamens 10 
to 20. Pistillate flowers : calyx 5 or 6- 
leaved, or 5 or 6-lobed, muricate ; germs 3 ; 
nuts 3, with coriaceous putamen enclosed in 
the calyx, becoming echinate. (chestnut.) 
Be'tula. Staminate flowers : ament cyl- 
indric, imbricate ; scales peltate, 3-floweredi 
stamens 10 to 12. Pistillate flowers : calyx 
a 2 or 3-flowered scale ; seed 1, winged. 
; (birch.) 
