SONCHUS. 
171 
Bcabrons; leaves ovate oblong, rough, with 
email, rigid hairs ; those of the stem very 
entire, lower ones serrate ; flowering 
branches panicled; racemes compact; rays 
elongated ; scales of the involucrum ob- 
tuse. 3-4 f. 
latifo'lia, (y. S. Oc. 11) stem somewhat 
flexaous, angular, smooth ; leaves broad- 
ovate, acuminate, deeply serrate, glabrous ; 
petioles winged ; racemes axillary. 18 1. 
Dry woods. 
vimin!'ea, (twig golden-rod, y. Au. Oc. 
21.) erect, sub pubescent ; leaves lance-lin- 
ear, membranaceous, attenuate at base, 
glabrous; margins scabrous; lower ones 
sub-serrate ; racemes erect ; rays elonga- 
ted. Banks of streams. 
virgau'rea, (European golden-rod, y. 11.) 
Btem terete, pubescent, flexuous ; leaves 
serrate, roughish, attenuate at the base ; 
racemes panicled, erect ; rays elongated ; 
flowers large. 1-3 f. Var. alpi'na, small ; 
leaves obovate or lanceolate. 3-6 i. The j 
only species common to both continents. 
novebo'racen"sis, (star golden-rod, y. Oc. 
2X-) stem nearly leafless; branches fastigi- 
ate ; leaves rough, radical ones ovate ob- 
long, petioled ; flowers large. 2-3 f. Sandy 
fields. 
Southern species. 
1. Racemes one sided. 
cinera!i''cens, (y. S. Z/.) stem slender, pu- 
bescent; leaves long, linear-lanceolate, at- 
tenuate at base, serrate, sub-scabrous, pu- 
bescent, racemes recurved ; peduncles and 
ray-florets elongated ; seeds pubescent. 3 f. 
tortAfo'lia, (y. S. IX.) stem pubescent; 
leaves linear-lanceolate, sub-serrate, ex- 
panding, twisted, the upper surface and 
midrib scabrous, nearly glabrous beneath ; 
panicle pyramidal ; racemes recurved. 3 f. 
corymho'sa, (y. S. 11.) stem robust and 
virgately erect, glabrous ; branches hispid ; 
lower leaves lance-oblong ; upper ones 
ovate, all fleshy, glabrous, rigid, margins 
scabrous and ciliate ; racemes corymbed; 
lower ones recurved ; ray-florets elongated. 
4-6 f. 
pitch"pri, racemes glabrous ; leaves glab- 
rous, thickly set, lance-oblong, acuminate 
at each end, sharply serrate ; panicle pyra- 
midal, few-flowered; pedicels pubescent; 
liguli abbreviated. Ark. 
pyramids' ta, (y. S. l^.) stem terete, his- 
pid ; leaves oblong, acute, somewhat am- 
plexicaul, sessile, glabrous, margins sca- 
brous, rarely and obsoletely toothed ; pani- 
cle naked, pyramidal ; branches reflexed ; 
peduncles squamose. 4-6 f. 
retror"sa, (y S. 2^.) stem terete, glabrous, 
somewhat amplexicaul, pubescent towards 
the summit; leaves closely sessile, linear, 
tapering above, glabrous, pellucid punc- 
tate, reflexed margins rough ; branches of 
the panicle recurved. 
2. Racemes erect. 
pnlverulen"ta. (y. 2^.) stem simple ; stem 
and leaves pulverulent-pubescent; leaves 
6es.sile; lower ones elliptic, serrate ; upper 
ones obovate, eutii'e, margins scabrous ; 
racemes erect, spike-form , ray-florets elon? 
gated. 3-4 f. 
pubes''cens, (y. Oc. 24^.) stem branching, 
pubescent, slightly scabrous, generally col- 
ored, with numerous branches rigidly 
erect; leaves long, lanceolate, tapering at 
base, pubescent ; lower ones serrate ; ra- 
cemes elect, panicled ; ray-florets middle 
sized. 3-4 f. 
pauciflos" culo' sa, (y. S. 24!.) smooth, suf- 
fruticose ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, nerve- 
less ; panicle compound, many-flowered ; 
the clusters erect; involucrum oblong, 5- 
flowered ; floret of the ray, one. 
glomera'ta, (y. 14.-) stem simple, low; 
leaves glabrous, lance-oblong, serrate ; 
lower ones broad-oval, acuminate ; racemea 
simple, composed of axillary heads, upper 
ones clustered ; involucrum turgid, many- 
flowered. 
angustifo'lia, (y. S. If-) stem glabrous, 
generally colored, with many slender, erect 
j branches above ; leaves subulate-linear, en- 
tire, glabrous ; racemes erect, panicled ; 
ray-florets middle sized. 2 3 f. 
ela'ta, (y. S. 2^.) stem terete, hairy, to- 
mentose above ; leaves lance-oval, acute, 
sub-entire, veiny, tomentose beneath; ra- 
cemes erect, panicled ; ray-florets elonga- 
ted. 2-3 f. 
salici'na, (y. S. 24-) stem tall, slender, pu- 
bescent above, somewhat scabrous ; branch- 
es virgate, long, erect ; leaves lanceolate, 
sessile, scabrous above, glabrous beneath ; 
lower ones serrate ; racemes sub-secund ; 
branches short, sometimes recurved. 4-5 f. 
hirsu'ta, sub pilose ; stem simple ; ra- 
cemes erect ; flowers sub-racernose-glomer- 
ate; leaves elliptic-ovate, scattered ; lower 
ones spatulate, finely crenate. 
squarro'sa, (y. S.) stem branching, pubes- 
cent; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrate, soft- 
ly pubescent beneath ; lower ones taper- 
ing at base ; racemes compound, erect ; 
flowers large ; involucrum squarrose ; ray- 
florets about 10, scarcely longer than the 
involucrum. 3-5 f. 
SON"CHUS. 17—1. (Corymbiferce.) 
olera'ceus, (sow-thistle, y. Ju. 0.) leaves 
lance-oblong, clasping, slightly toothed and 
serrate ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 
covered with cotton-like down. Waste 
grounds. 2-4 f. Introduced. 
arven"sis, root creeping; leaves runci- 
nate, denticulate, cordate at the base ; in- 
volucre hispid ; flowers large, deep yellow : 
stem 2 f. 
macrophyV'lus, (b. Au. 11.) leaves lyrate. 
cordate at base, ha,iry beneath ; peduncles 
hairy, naked ; flowers panicled. 4-7 f. 
spirmlo'sus, (y. Au. leaves clasping, 
undulate, spinose, oblong; flowers some- 
what umbelled. 2 f. Salt marshes. 
leucophae'us, (b-w. Ju. ^ .) peduncles 
squamose ; flowers racemed ; leaves rua- 
cinate, acuminate ; stem virgate and pani- 
cled. 2 5 f Swamps. / 
Jlorida'nus, (b. Ju. $ .) peduncles subf 
squamose ; flowers panicled ; leaves lyrate- 
runcinate, denticulate, petioled. 3 6 f. 
acumina'tus, (b. Au. ^ .) peduncles sub- 
