172 
SOPHORA— SPIR^A. 
equamose ; flowers panicled ; radical leaves 
eub-runcinate ; cauline ones ovate, acnmi- 
nate, petioled, denticulate in the middle. 
3-5 f. Woods. 
pnllid"7is, (y. J. ?_/.) raceme compound, 
terminal ; leaves lance-ensiform, amplexi- 
caul, dentate. 2-3 f. 
carolitiia'nna, (y. Au. ^.) erect, glabrous, 
fistulous; leaves lanceolate, acute, undu- 
late, sub-spinose, toothed, auricled at the 
base, semi-amplexicaul ; flow^ers somew^hat 
umbelled. 1-3 f. S. 
SOPHO'RA. 10—1. (Leguviinosm.) 
serice'a, leaves pinnate ; leafets wedge- 
oval, smooth above, silky-villose beneath ; 
spikes many flowered, sub-sessile ; flowers 
white. If. If. 
japon"ira, a tree which produces large 
bunches of cream-colored flowers in Au- 
gu.st and September. The drooping so- 
pliora, a variety of the japonica, is very 
different in appearance, being a trailing 
shrub, which sends out shoots six or eight 
feet long, in a single season. Ex. 
SOR"BUS. 11—5. (RosacecB.) [From sorbeo, 
to suck up, because its fruit stops hemor- 
rhages.] 
america'na, (mountain-ash, w. M. '^J 
leaves pinnate ; leafets lance-oblong, acutC 
serrate, very smooth ; flowers in terminal 
corymbs. The yellowish berries remain 
on the tree during winter. 13 20 f. 
7nicrocnr"pa, fruit small, scarlet. 
SOR"GHUM. 3—2. (Graminea: ) [An Indian 
name.] 
sacchara'tum, (broom corn, y-g. Au. @.) 
panicle somewhat whorled, spreading ; 
seeds oval; glumes covered with perma- 
nent, softish hairs ; leaves linear. From 
the East Indies. 6-8 f 
vvlga're, (Indian millet,) panicle com- 
pact, oval, nodding when mature ; seed 
naked. 
SPARC A'NIUM. 19—3. (Typhce.) [From 
sparganon, a band or fillet, from the long 
linear form and pliant texture of the leaves.] 
romo'sum, (bur-reed, w. Ju. @.) the 3- 
sided ba.ses of the leaves concave on the 
two outsides ; the general fruit stem branch- 
ed ; stigmas linear. In water generally. 
Flowers in round heads; the staminate 
heads above the pistillate, and considerably 
the smallest. 
angus"t,ifo'lium, (floating bur-reed, w. ' 
Au. ll) leaves flat, long linear, very nar- 
row, much longer than the stem, weak ; 
the part above water floating on its- .surface. 
Grows in great abundance in the little lake 
on Catskill Mountain, near the Mountain' 
House. ! 
SPARGANOPIP'ORUS. 17—1. {Corymhife-\ 
Iff!.) [From sparganon, a crown, and phero, ' 
to bear.] 
verti cilia' tns, (water-crown -cup, p. Au. 
11') leaves linear, verticillate ; pods few, 
terminal ; egret 5-toothed, submersed. j 
SPAR"TIUIVr. 16—10. {Leguminosm.) [From 
sparto, a rope ; so called hecause the tough j 
branches and bark are used in making cor- j 
dage.] _ I 
jnnce'um, (Spanish broom, g. ^ .) branch- 
' es opposite, virgate, with terminal flowers • 
leaves lanceolate, glabrous. 
I scopa'rium, (Scotch broom, g. f> .) leaves 
I tern ate, solitary, and oblong; flowers axil- 
1 lary ; legumes pilose at the margin; branch- 
; es angular. 
SPER"GULA. 10—5. {CaryophyllecB.) [From 
spergos, to scatter.] 
arve7t"sis, (spurry, w. Ju. ^.) leaves 
whorled ; panicles dichotomous ; peduncles 
of the fruit becoming reflexed. 
'saginoi'des, (pearl-wort spurry, w. J. 0.) 
glabrous; leaves opposite, subulate, awn- 
less ; peduncles solitary, very long, smooth. 
2-3 i. 
rn'bra, (red sand-wort, r. J. 0.) stem 
prostrate, glabrous ; leaves filiform, fleshy, 
larger than the joints ; stipules cuneate- 
membranaceous, sheathing; stamens 5 ; cap- 
sule angular or globose. 8 i. 
SPERMACO'CE. 4-1. (Rubiaceee.) [From 
sperma, seed, and akoke, a sharp point ; the 
seeds being pointed.] 
teri/'iiior, (w. Ju. ^.) lanceolate ; flowers 
verticillate, stamens included ; seeds hir- 
sute. S. 
dioSi'na, (Ju. 0.) stem terete ; leaves 
linear-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers axillary, 
sessile ; stamens shorter than the corolla. 
Dry soils. »S^. 
invohicrn'ta, (w.) stem very hispid ; leaves 
ovate, lanceolate, acumijiate ; stipules ma- 
ny bristled ; heads terminal, involucred , 
stamens longer than the corolla. 1 f. S. 
gla'bra, (w. J. @.) stem procumbent 
glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 
flowers verticillate ; seeds glabrous. S. 
SPIGE'LIA. 5—1. (GentianecB.) [Named hy 
Linnsens, in honor of Adrian Spigelias, a 
botani.st who wrote in 1606.] 
maryland" ica , (Indian pink-root, p. J. 
2-f.) stem 4-sided ; leaves all opposite, ses- 
sile, lance-ovate, entire. 9-18 i. Sometimes 
called worm-gra.ss, on account of its efficacy 
in cases of disease arising from worms. 
SPINA'CIA. 20—5. (Polygonem.) [From 
Ispania, Spain, whence it originated.] 
olcrn'cea, (spinach, J. @.) fruit sessile, 
prickly or unarmed ; leaves hastate-sagit- 
tate ; stem branched. 1-2 f. Ex. 
SPIR^'A. 11—5. (Rosacea.) [From sptra, 
a piJlar; so named from its spiral stalk.] 
Stem more or less woody. 
snUcifo'lia, (meadow-sweet, willow hard- 
hack, r." w. J. ^ .) leaves lance-ovate or obo 
vate, serrate, glabrous; flowers in panicled, 
spreading racemes. Y-a.v.al"ba, has white 
petals, and often the twigs are reddish. 
The small branches are generally killed by 
fiost in the winter, as also of the next spe- 
cies. 2-4 f. 
tomeiito'sa, (steeple-bush, purple hard- 
hack, meadow-sweet, r. Ju. ^.) leaves lan- 
ceolate, unequally .serrate, downy beneath, 
racemes in a crowded, sub panicled spike. 
2-3 f 
hypericifo'lia, (John's-wort, hard-hack, w. 
M. 9 .) leaves obovate, entire or toothed 
at the apex ; umbels sessile. Cultivated. 
3f 
opidifo'lia, (nine-bark, snow ball, hard- 
