186 
VlRGTL lA— X OSTEUM 
tire, membranaceous, oblong, snb-ovate or 
lance-ovate; leaves broad cordate, acumi- 
nate, serrate, slightly pubescent on the 
lerves, lower ones long-petioled ; peduncle 
somewhat 4-sided ; bracts subulate : How- 
. evs regular, large ; segments of the calyx 
subulate, acute, entire behind ; petals white, 
very entire, veiny, becoming yellow at the 
base, lower ones pale violet, upper ones 
broad, spreading, lateral ones bearded, with 
the upper one marked with a few blue 
lines ; stigma short, pubescent ; spur very 
short: flowers odorous. 6-24 i. Moist. 
Rocky woods. 
C. Exotic. 
tri'color, (garden-violet, heart' s-ease, pan- 
sy, p. y. b-p. M. 2X) stem angular, diffuse, 
divided ; leaves oblong, deeply crenate ; 
stipules lyrate-pinnatifid, 
odora'ta, (sweet-violet, b. M. ^.) stem- 
less ; scions creeping ; leaves cordate, cre- 
nate, smoothish ; calyx obtuse ; two lateral 
petals with a bearded or hairy line. 
VIRG1L"1A. 10—1. yLeguminoscB.) [In honor 
of the poet Virgil.] 
Ivte'a, (y. J. leaves pinnate; leafets 
alternate, ovate, short, acuminate, glabrous ; 
racemes elongated, pendulous; legumes 
petioled, flat. The bark is used in dying 
yellow. S. 
V1S"CUM. 20—4. {CaprifoHcB.) [From the 
Greek ixos, altered by the Julians into bis- 
kos. The Greeks had a great veneration for 
this plant on account of its supposed medi- 
cal virtues, and the Druids ascribed to it 
many miraculous powers.] 
ru'bnim, ( .) leaves lance obovate, ob- 
tuse ; spikes axillary, whorled. S. 
•piirpu'reiim, ( Ip .) leaves obovate, obtuse, 
obsoletely 3-nerved ; spikes axillary ; flow- 
ers opposite. S. 
veriicilla'tum, (mistletoe, g. w. J. 11.) 
branches opposite and whorled ; leaves 
wedge-obovate, 3-nerved; spikes axillary, 
a little shorter than the leaves ; ben-ies yel- 
lowish white. On the branches of old 
trees. 
VI'TIS. 5-1. {Viiices.) 
labrns"ca, (plum-grape, w-g. J. .) leaves 
broad -cordate, lobe angled, white-downy 
beneath; fertile racemes small; berries 
(blue, flesh-color, and green) large. Var. 
labruscoides.(^ox-s:v&.^e), has smaller fruit, 
approaching a tart taste. 
vulpi'na, (frost-grape, g-w. J. ^ .) leaves 
cordate, acuminate, gash-toothed, glabrous 
both sides ; racemes lax, many flowered ; 
berries small ; leaves very variable, but the 
uppeiTOOst mature leaves will agree with 
the description. 
oesti'valis, (summer- grape, J. T?.) leaves 
3-.5 lobed. younger ones rust-downy be- 
neath, when old nearly smooth ; sinuses 
rounded ; racemes opposite the leaves, 
crowded, oblong ; berries deep-blue or pui*- 
ple. Woods, on banks of .streams. 
ripa'ria, (w-g. M. Tp.) leaves unequally 
incisely toothed, shortly 3 lobed, pubescent 
on the petioles, margins, and nerves ; flow- 
ei's sweet-scentfed. 
bipinna'ta, (g-w. Ju.) leaves bipinnate. 
glabrous; leafets incisely serrate; flowers 
pentandrous; berry 2-celled; cells 1-2 
seeded. 8. 
indi'visa, (J. 21.) leaves simple, cordate 
or truncate at base, somewhat 3-nerved, pu- 
be.scent on the nerves beneath ; flowers 
pentandrous and pentapetalous ; beiTy 
1-celled, 1-2 .seeded. Swamp.s. 
vinif'era, (wine-grape, J. Tp.) leaves sin- 
uate-lobed, naked or downy. Ex. 
WARE'A. 14—2. (Crucifera.) 
ciineiJ'o'Ua. (w.) leaves nearly sessile, ra- 
ther thick, oblong, obtuse, attenuate at the 
base ; siliques with the valves somewhat 
convex. 1-2 f. Georgia and Florida. 
amplexifo'lia, (p. ©.) silique two-edged, 
pendulous ; leaves oblong ovate, half-clasp- 
ing. 1 f. S. 
XAN"THIUiVr. 19—5. iCorymhiferm.) [From 
xanthos. yellow, a color said to be produced 
by the plant.] 
sf,r7ivia'rmm, (cockle-burr, sea-burdock, 
Au. @.) stem unarmed ; leaves ovate, an- 
gulate-dentate, sub cordate, and strongly 
3 nerved at base; fruit oval, pube.scent, 
armed with rigid^hooked bristles. 3-6 f. 
■■^pino'sum, (thorny clot-weed, S. . 0.) 
spines ternate ; leaves 3-Iobed ; flowers ax- 
illary, solitary. 2 4 f. 
XANTHOX"YLUM. 20—5. (Terebinfacea;.) 
[From xanthos, yellow, and rulon, wood, al- 
luding to its color.] 
fraxin"enm, (prickly ash, tooth-ache bu.sh, 
g-w. M. ^ .) prickly ; leaves pinnate ; leafetg 
lance oval, sub-entire, equal at base ; peti- 
oles terete, unarmed; umbels ^illary. 
8-12 f. The bark is pungent, and is used 
for medicinal purpose.s. 
tricar"pum, (J. F) .) leaves glabrous, pin- 
nate ; leafets petioled, falcate-lanceolate, 
crenate-serrate ; petioles unarmed ; flowers 
bearing petals ; capsules mostly in threes ; 
leaves very aromatic and pungent. 
XANTHORHl'^A. 5-12. (RanvnculacecB ) 
[From xanthos. yellow, and riza, root.] 
apiifo'lia (parsley yellow-root, Ap. Ip.) 
leaves 3-ternate ; petioles dilated and clasp- 
ing at the base; flowers racemed. 1-3 f. 
Banks of streams. 
XEROPHYL"LUM. 6-3. {Junci.) 
asphodeloi'des, (w. J. 2^.) filaments dilated 
toward the base, and equalling the corolla; 
racemes oblong, crowded ; bi-acts setace- 
ous ; scape leafy; leaves subulate, 3-5 f 
te'nax, (w. J. 24 •) scape leafy; racemes 
lax; bracts membranaceous; petals ellip- 
tic ; filaments filiform, exceeding the corolla; 
leaves subulate-setaceous, very long. S. 
XYLOS"TEUM. 5—1. {CaprifoHa.) 
cilio'tnm, (fly-honeysuckle, twiubeiTv, 
w-y. M. ^ .) berries distinct ; leaves ovate 
and sub-cordate, margin ciliate, in the 
young state villo.se beneath ; corolla a little 
calcarate at the base, tube ventricose 
above, divisions short, acute ; style exsert. 
3-4 f. 
solo'nia, (swamp twin-berry, y. M. 
ben-ies united in one, bi-umbilicate (never 
distinct), two flowers situated on one germ; 
leaves oblong-ovate, villose. Berries dark 
purple. 2 f. 
