PART I. 
LECTURE II. 
GENERAL DIVISION OP THE SCIENCES WHICH RELATE TO MIND AND MATTER- 
DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OP BOTANICAL SCIENCE PARTS OP A FLOWER, 
The Universe, as composed of mind and matter^ gives rise to va- 
rious sciences. The Supreme Being we believe to be immaterial^ or 
fure mind. 
The knowledge of mind may be considered under two general 
heads. 
1. Theology,* or that science which comprehends our views of the 
Deit}^, and our duties to Him. 
2. Philosophy op the human mind, or m.etaphysics;] which is the sci-^ 
ence that investigates the mind of man, and analyzes and arranges 
its faculties. 
The knowledge of matter, w^hich is included under the general 
term, Physics, may be considered under three general heads. 
1. Natural Philosophy, which considers the effects of bodies act- 
ing upon each other by their mechanical powers ; as their weight 
and motion. 
2. Chemistry, in w^hich the properties and mutual action of the 
elementary atoms of bodies are investigated. 
3. Natural History, w^hich considers the external forms and char- 
acters of objects, and arranges them in classes. 
Natural History is divided into three branches. 
1. Zoology,! which treats of animals. 
2. Botany, which treats of plants. 
3. Mineralogy, wiiich treats of the unorganized masses of the globe 3 
as stones, earths, &c. Geology, which treats of minerals as they 
exist in masses, forming rocks, is a branch of mineralogy. 
Having thus presented you with this general view of the natural 
sciences, we will now proceed to that department which is to be the 
object of your present study. 
Departments in Botany. 
BoTANY§ treats of the vegetable kingdom, includhig every thing 
which grows, having root, stem, leaf, or flower. This science com- 
prehends the knowiedge of the methodical arrangement of plants, of 
their structure, and whatever has relation to the vegetable kingdom. 
The study of plants may be considered under two general heads. 
1st. The classification of plants by means of comparing their dif- 
ferent organs, is termed Systematic Botany. 
2d. The knowledge of the relations and uses of the various parts 
of plants with respect to each other, is termed Physiological Botany. 
This department includes Vegetable Anatomy. 
* From the Greek Theos, God, and logos, a discourse. 
t From meia, beyond, and phusis, nature. This term originated with Aristotle, 
who, considering the study of .the intellectual world as beyond that of the material 
world, or physics, called it meta ta phusis. 
t From zoe, life, and logos, a discourse. 
§ From the Greek, botane, an herb. 
The Universe composed of two classes of existence— Divisions of the sciences 
which relate to mind— Those which relate to matter— Branches of Natural History- 
Definition of Botany— Systematic Botanv — Physiological Botany. 
