18 
PARTS OF THE FLOWER. 
When the seed is 
ripe, the germ is then 
called the pericarp^ 
from the Greek peri, 
around, and karpos, 
fruit. Pericarps are ot 
different kinds ; that of 
the lily is called a cap- 
sule, (signifying cask- 
et,) (Fig. 3. A;) it is of 
a dry membraneous 
texture, and when ripe 
opens by the separa- 
tion of pieces, called 
valves. In the capsule 
at A, is seen a longi- 
tudinal opening, with 
fibres connecting the 
B) represents the cap- 
Fig. 3. 
valves as appears in a mature state. '{Fig. 3 
sule as if cut transversely to show its three cells (b ;) each cell contains 
two triangular seeds (c.) 
The lily, although a beautiful flower, is deficient in one organ, 
which is common to the greater part of flowers ; this is the calyx, or 
cup, which is usually green, and surrounds the lower part of the co- 
rolla, as in the Pink. 
When the calyx consists of several parts, these are called sepals, 
and sometimes leaves of the calyx. 
The organs we have now considered, are as follows: 
Calyx — the cup, surrounding the corolla, the parts are called sepals. 
Corolla — the blossom, the parts are petals. 
Stamens — next withm the corolla, the parts are the anther, pollen, 
and filament. 
Pistil — central organ, the parts are the germ, style, and stigma. 
Receptacle — which supports the other parts of the flower. 
Besides these, there are in the mature plant, the 
Pericarp — containing the seed. 
Seed — rudiment of a new plant. 
Botanical Analysis. 
Although the examination of the different organs of the flower may 
properly be called analysis, because it is the observation of constit- 
uent parts singly ; — yet when the botanist speaks of analyzing pla^its, 
he understands an examination of their organs with reference to 
determining their place in some botanical system. 
We will now proceed to the analysis of some plants, that we may 
thus introduce the pupil to what we believe the best system of botan- 
ical arrangement for popular use. 
Division of Plants into Classes, tf-c. 
According to the system we shall adopt, all plants are divided info 
twenty-one classes. Each class is divided into Orders, the Orders 
into Genera,* and the Genera into Species. 
The name of the genus may be compared to the family name ; that 
of the species, to the individual or christian name ; for example : the 
* The plural of genus, a family or tribe. 
Pericarp— Describe that of the lily — Calyx— Sepals — Enumerate the parts of o flow 
er — Whv i is meant by analyzing plants 7— Classes— Orders— Genera— Species. 
