46 
OF BUDS. 
It appears that no perennial plants, but those furnished with scaly 
buds, can live in climates where it snows a part of the year. Trees 
of the torrid zone, whose wood appears hard and firm, perish in our 
latitude. In warm climates, the buds of the trees are -without scales, 
the tender shoots not requiring their protection. 
That there is, in reality, a difference in the constitution of vegeta- 
bles, as well as animals, is very apparent ; an orange-tree will never 
form scales to protect its buds from cold, any more than the most 
dehc ate tropical animals can resist the rigours of 
a polar climate. There are cases, however, in 
which both plants and animals change their 
habits. The horse-chestnut, in India its native 
climate, unfolds its leaves to the atmosphere, 
without any check to their development ; in a 
colder climate, the leaves in attempting to un- 
fold, being checked in their progress, degene- 
rate into scales, and form buds. 
Figure 32 shows a branch of the Button Vv^ood- 
tree, {Plataniis,) in which the bud is formed 
within the petiole of the preceding year; this 
performs the office of the scaly covering in other 
buds, a, the lower part of the petiole cut verti- 
cally to show the cavity 6, in which is con- 
tained the bud c. 
You are here (Fig. 33) shown a young branch of the Tuhp-tree, 
{Liriodendrum :) a a, scales which covered the bud, now two stipules^ 
cauline and oval ; b, part of the pe 
tiole of the leaf; c, another enve 
lope of the bud, from which is de 
tached the envelope d, in order tc» 
show the situation of the leaves e. 
and the buds /. The buds f, art- 
each furnished with a scaly . en- 
velope like those seen at a, c, and d. 
Monocotyledonous plants seldom 
produce more than one bud an- 
nually. On the summit of the palm 
appears the bud, containing the 
leaves and flowers ; from the centre 
of this bud, a foot-stalk springs up 
bearing the flower, while the leaves 
spread out at its base. The follow- 
ing year the old leaves decay, 
forming by their indurated remains 
a ring around the stipe of the palm, 
and a new bud is formed upon its 
summit as before. This bud of the 
palm, frora its form and size, is often 
called the cabbage. 
Some botanists enumerate four kinds of buds, the btUb, titrion, bid- 
bille, and the proper bud. The two former we have considered under 
the head of roots, and the third under the stem. 
Of the proper bud, there are three sorts : 
Difference in the nature of vegetables— Tliey sometimes change their habits ; ex- 
ample, the horye-chestnut— Explain Fig. 32— Explain Fig. 33— Buds of the palm— 
What four kinds of buds ? — Proper bud. 
