NATURAL ORDERS. 29 
22. Colchice'^. Colchicum tribe. Emetic and cathartic. Examples : Col-? 
chicum, Melaniliium. This order is by some called Melaniliacec&. 
Class IV. Monocotyledons. 
Stamens epigynous, (above thegcnn.) 
23. ORCHiDE'iG. Orchis-like plants. Roots fibrous or tuberous. Stem simple. 
Leaves inosily radical, sheathing; caulineones sessile. Flowers bracted, com- 
monly in a spike, seldom solitary. Perianth irregular, 6-parted, 3 divisions ex- 
ternal. 3 infernal, and 9-petaluid ; a lower one in the form of a lip, otien spurred- 
S;amo!is 3, ndnate to the style in part or wholly; two are usually abortive. 
Stylo 111 iciv". Siig-ma oblique, viscid. Examples: Orchis, Cypripedium, Neot- 
tia. Properties: larinaceous and emollient. 
2i. -Mus.B. Banana tribe. Examples: Plantain-tree, {Musa^) Bread-fruit, 
{Ar!oairpus.) (See Plate 2. Fig. 4.) 
2'). Can''x.g. The Iiulian rccd-lrihe. This is subdivided into Marantacea;, 
the arrow-root tribe, and Anw/iue, or Scilaini'aaceiz, the ginger tribe. Proper- 
ties: aromaiic, and carminaiive. (Plate 3. Fig 4.) 
26. livDiiocHAR'^iDEs. Tapc gTcss tribe. Floating plants. Examples: iJ^- 
drockaris, Vallis/icria. (Plate 8. Fig. 1.) 
Class V. Dicotyhdoyis. 
ApetnloH!? — Stamens epigynous. Calyx superior. Moiiosfpahus, (above tlie germ.) 
27. AiiisTOLo'cmiB. Wild ginger tribe. Perennial. Flowers Gynandrons. 
Examples : Virginia snake-root, (Arisfolochia,) Wild ginger, {Asarwn.) 
Class VI. Dicotyledons. 
Stamens per igy nous, (around the gerin.) Perianth single, in some cases resembling a calya^ 
in others a corolla. 
28. Elkag'''n>s. Flowers dioecious. Fruit a drape or nut. Leaves alternate. 
Trees or shrubs. Examples: Pepperage-tree and Eleagnus. 
29. IIyMKi,E''jE. Under-shrubs. Stamens 8. Style L Fruit, a drupeole. Co- 
tyledons large, fleshy. Perisperra, thin. Examples : Leather-wood and Daphne. 
Bark caustic when chewed. 
30. Vro'vfJm. Silver-tree tribe. Deciduous shrubs from the Cape of Good 
Hope. Example : Protea. 
31. Likn'Ri, (^ox LaurinecB.) The Laurel tribe. Trees. Flowers Enneandrousj 
4 to 6 cleft. Fruit a berry or drupe. The American plants of this family are 
the spice-bush, (Laurus benzoin,) aud Sassafras. Medicinal properties various 
and important. 
32. Polygo'nr,s. The Dock tribe. Herbaceous. Leaves alternate, at first 
revolute, petioled. Flowers panicled, or in a spike. Fruit a nut, usually tri>» 
angular, as in the buckwheat. Seed with farinaceous albumen. Examples: 
Dock, rhubarb, buckwheat. 
33. Atrip^'licks. Pig-weed tribe. Flowers with little beauty. Herbs or 
small shrubs. The beet, poke-weed, and pig-weed, are examples of this family. 
The pig-weed is by some arranged in a new order, Chenopodeaaj and the poke- 
weed iu another, Phytolaccea;. 
Class VII. Dicotyledons. 
Stamens^ (benpatli the germ.) 
34. Amaran^tih. Coxcomb-like plants. Stem herbaceous. Leaves entire. 
Flowers small, numerous, often bracted, sometimes imperfect, in a head, ra- 
ceme or spike. Perianth often coloured, mouo.sepalous. Pericarp either a 
pyxide or utricle. Example: Amaranthus. 
35. Plantagin''ejs. Plantain tribe. Herbaceous. Leaves many-nerved. 
Flowers sessile, bracted in a spike. Stamens 4. Pyxide 4-celled, many-seeded. 
Example: Plantain. Useful as a pot herb. Emollient. 
3G. Nycta^gines. Mirabilis tribe. The principal family in this order is Ih© 
Four o'clock, (Mirabilis.) Properties: cathartic and emetic. 
37. Plumba'gines. Marsh rosemary trihe. Herbs or under-shrubs. Leaves 
alternate or clustered. Corolla regular. Stamens 5, ovary 1-celled ; ovule, pea- 
dulous. Fruit, a utricle. Properties : astringent, tonic. Example: Siatice. 
Class VIII. Dicotyledons. 
Coronas monopetalmis, hypogynmis, (below the ^trm,) regtilar or irregular, bearing t^e sto 
mens, which generally alternate v-ith its segmtnta when of equal number ; germ superior. 
38. Lysimach^'i.e, (or Priviulaua.) TkcL^ose strife, or ^rimraseiribe. Afauai- 
