NATURAL ORDERS. 
31 
Corolla either ligulate, or tubular. Stamens 5, alternating with the teeth of the 
corolla; filaments distinct, anthers forming a cylinder by their coherence. Ova- 
ry inferior 1-celled, with a single erect ovule. Style single ; stigmas 2. Fruit 
an achenium. Seed solitary, erect. Examples : Dandelion and Lettuce. An- 
tiscorbutic, and mild anodyne. 
60. Cinaroceph"al53. Examples : Thistle and Burdock, differs little from the 
preceding. 
61. Corymbif''er.e. Thorough-wort plants. Examples : Eupatorium and 
Rudbeckia. Very valuable for their medicinal qualities. The compound flow- 
ers are by some writers classed under the general head Compositce, and subdi- 
vided into numerous sections, viz : Carduacece, or the Thistle tribe, Asterea, or 
the Aster tribe, Eiipatorinea, or the Thorough-wort tribe, JacobecB, ortheColt's- 
foot tribe, and Helianthece, or the Sunflower tribe. 
Class XL Dicotyledons. 
Corolla monopetalous, epigynous, (above the germ,) anthers distinct. 
62. DiPSA'cEjE. Teasel plants. Flowers densely capitate. Leaves opposite or 
whorled. Herbs or under-shrubs. Examples : Teasel, Button-bush. 
63. Rubia'ceje. Bed-straw tribe. Leaves whorled, very entire. Flowers ax- 
illary or terminal. Stamens 4, ovary simple, fruit a dieresil, 2-seeded. Exam- 
ples : Galium, Rubia. Some of this family are of use in dying. • 
64. CAPRiFo'LiiE. Elder ^ Snow-ball, and Honey-suckle-like plants. Shrubs. 
Ovary cohering with the calyx ; fruit crowned by its limb. Leaves opposite. 
Flowers terminal, corymbose or axillary. Examples: Viburnum, Lonicera, 
Symphoria. 
Class XIL Dicotyledons. 
Corolla pohjpetalous : stamens epigynous, (above the germ.) 
65. Ara'le.e. Ginseng tribe. Calyx superior. Stamens 5 or 6, or 10 or 12, 
arising from within the border of the calyx ; oYary with many cells ; ovules 
solitary, pendulous ; styles equal in nuiTiber to the cells. Trees, shrubs, or 
herbs, resembling umbelliferous plants in their habit. Examples: Spikenard, 
(Aralia,) Ginseng, (Panax.) 
66. Umbelltf'''er.e. Parsley-like plants. Stem herbaceous. Leaves mostly 
pinnate or pinnatifid. Flowers in umbels. Calyx adhering to the germ. Co- 
rolla 5-petalled. Stamens 5. Style and stigma 2. Fruit a cremocarp. Seeds 
closed, remaining after maturity, suspended to a central axis. Examples : Dill, 
Fennel, Parsley, Caraway. Uses and medicinal qualities various. The follow- 
ing subdivision has been made of this tribe : HydrocotolicB ; umbels s,\m\){e 
or imperfect. Examples: Water-hemlock, (Cicuta,) Water-parsnip, (Sium,) 
Fool's-parsley, and Angelica; 2d, Camfylospermce ; Sweet cicely, and Hemlock, 
(Conium.) 
Class XIIL Dicotyledons. 
Corolla pohjpetalous ; stamens hypogynous, (under the germ.) 
G7. Ranuncula'ce^. A very large order, containing the Virgin's-bower, Ra- 
nunculus, Anemone, Hepatica, &c. Calyx with many definite sepals, or many- 
parted. Stamens and pistils numerous. Fruit often consists of dry nuts or car- 
pel.^. Herbs or under-shrubs. Leaves simple, often variously lobed and sub- 
divided, petioled. Some of this family, as the gold thread, (Coptis,) are highly 
astrijigent, some are valuable as dies, and some are beautiful as ornamental 
flowers. 
68. Papavera'ceje. Poppy-like plants. Lactescent. Stem herbaceous. Leaves 
alternate. Flowers solitary, in a spike or umbel. Calyx 2-3 sepalled, cadu- 
cous. Stamens numerous. Examples: Poppy, Blood-root. Properties: nar- 
cotic, anodyne. 
69. Crucif''erje. Plants with cruciform corollas, as cabbage, turnip, radish. 
Stem herbaceous. Leaves alternate. Flowers corymbed, panicled or in a 
spike. Calyx 4-sepalled. Corolla 4-petalled. Stamens 6, solitary, 4 disposed 
in two pairs. Glands nectariferous. Fruit a silique. Chiefly useful as gar- 
den vegetables. This order is subdivided into Siliculosce, pods short, and Sili- 
quoscc, pods long. 
70. Cappar'ides. a small order. Cruciform plants. Examples: Cleome, 
Gynandropsis. 
'71. Sapin'di. Example: Soap-berry, (Sapindus.) 
72. Agf/ra, (or Acerinea ) Maple iHbe. Trees, with opposite, simple, rarely. 
