150 
VILLARSIA-VIOLA. 
erect, strong; legumes ascending, tumid, coriaceous; leafets oval-acute, 
entire ; stipules sagittate ; toothed at the base. From Persia. 
VILLARSIA. 5—1. (^Gentiancb.-) 
lacuno'sa^ (w. Au. %.) leaves reniform, sub-pelcate, slightly crenate, lacunosf. 
beneath ; petioles long, bearing the flowers ; corolla smooth ; stem long, 
filiform, floating ; flowers somewhat umbelled. Ponds and Lakes. 
VINCA. 5—1. iApocynem.) [From vincio, to bind, on account of its usefulness in making 
bauds, or its creeping stem.] 
mi'nor, (periwinkle, b. Ap. Pj.) stem procumbent ; leaves lance-oval, smooth 
at the edges; flowers peduncled; teeth of the calyx lanceolate. Ex. 
VIOLA. 5 — 1. (Cz'sft', or according to the divisions of Lindley, Ti'oZacecB.) [From eon, because 
first described in Ionia.] 
A. Stemless, or with a subterranean stem. {Leaves more or less reniform, always 
cordate, younger cucullate ; proper colour of the corolla violet.} 
cuculla'ta, (b, p. M. % ) glabrous ; leaves cordate, somewhat acuminate, cre- 
nate-dentate ; autumnal ones largest, very exactly reniform; peduncle 
somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves; divisions of the calyx subulate, 
acuminate, emarginate behind, or very entire ; petals (as in many Ameri- 
can species) oblique, veiny, very entire, white at the base, upper one gen- 
erally naked, glabrous, lateral ones bearded, and with the upper one mark- 
ed with a few blue lines. Var. papilionacea, petioles and peduncles longer ; 
leaves sub-lance-ovate ; beards of the lateral petals often yellow. Var. te- 
tragona, peduncle strong, exactly 4-sided ; petals azure-colour, veinless, 
Var. villosa, leaves, petals, and peduncles villose, 4-8 i. 
palma'ta, (b-p. M. %.') mostly villose ; leaves heart-reniform, palmate, 5-7- 
lobed; lobes often narrow, and gashed, middle one always larger; some- 
times villose both sides, sometimes only beneath ; often glabrous, all of them 
very often purple beneath ; the first spring ones are ovate, entire ; petioles 
sub-emarginate ; peduncle somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves ; di- 
visions of the calyx lance-ovate, ciliate, very entire behind ; petals all 
very entire, veiny, and white at the base, upper ones narrow, smaller, 
sometimes villose at the base, yet often naked, glabrous; lateral ones 
densely bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few blue lines. 
One variety has white flowers. 3-6 i. 
^Leaves oblong or ovate, never reniform ; younger ones cucullate.} 
sagitta'ta, (E. b-p. Ap. %.) glabrous; leaves ciliate, oblong, not acute, sagit- 
tate-cordate, dentate, gashed at the base, (or furnished with elongated di- 
varicate teeth ;) peduncle somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves ; divis- 
ions of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, emarginate behind; petals all very 
entire, veiny, white at the base ; upper one generally naked, glabrous ; 
lateral ones densely bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few 
blue lines; spur elongated behind. A variety has the leaves more or less 
villose. Dry. 
{Leaves ovate or lanceolate ; corolla lohite, with the lateral petals narrower.} 
amc&'na, (E. w. Ap. %.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, sub-acuminate, crenate. 
sometimes sub-villose above; petioles long, spotted with red; peduncle 
somewhat 4-sided, equalling or exceeding the length' of the leaves, spotted ; 
divisions of the calyx lanceolate; petals all very entire, green at the base; 
lateral ones sometimes with the base pubescent, and with the upper one 
marked with a few blue lines. Moist woods. Flowers odorous. 
{Stemless, not belonging to the preceding divisions.} 
rotundifo'lia, (O. M. y. %.) glabrous ; leaves thickish, appressed to the earth, 
broad-ovate or orbicular, cordate, crenate ; nerves pubescent beneath ; sinus 
closed; peduncle somewhat 4-sided, as long as the leaves ; divisions of the 
calyx oblong, obtuse; petals sometimes emarginate; upper ones small; 
lateral ones somewhat bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few 
yellowish brown lines ; spur very short. Woods. 1-3 i. 
peda'ta, (M. p-b. %..) glabrous; leaves sometimes ciliate, variously divided, 
very open, pedately 9-parted; divisions linear, and obtusely lanceolate 
generally 3-lobed at the apex, often simply lanceolate, with the apex, 5-7 
lobed, peduncle somewhat 4 sided ; divisions of the calyx lanceolate, acut'7 
