PART I. 
LECTUEE II. 
GENERAL DIVISION OF SCIENCES. ^DEPARTMENTS OF BOTANICAL 
SCIENCE. PARTS OF A FLOWER. ANALYSIS OF PLANTS. 
8. The Universe, as composed of mind and matter^ gives rise 
to various sciences. The knowledge of mind may be consid- 
ered under two general heads: Theology,"^ or that science 
which comprehends our views of the Deity, and our duties to 
Him ; Philosophy of the human mind, or metaphysics^^ which 
is the science that investigates the mind of man, and analyzes 
and arranges its faculties. 
9. The knowledge of matter^ which is included under the 
general term, Physics^ may be considered under three general 
heads: Natural Philosophy, which considers the effects oi 
bodies acting upon each other by their mechanical powers, as 
their weight and motion ; Chemistry, in which the properties 
and mutual action of the elementary atoms of bodies are inves- 
tigated ; Natural PIistory, which treats of the external forms 
and characters of objects, and arranges them in classes. 
Natural History is divided into three hranches : Zoology, :j: 
which treats of animals ; Botany, which treats of plants ; 
Mineralogy, which treats of the unorganized masses of the 
globe, as stones, earths, &c. ; Geology, which treats of miner- 
als as they exist in masses, forming rocks, is a branch of min 
eralogy. 
Deparimenis in Botany. 
10. Botany treats of the Yegetable kingdom. It compre- 
hends the knowledge of the nature of plants, their structure 
and habits, with the relations they bear to each other, and to 
the mineral and animal kingdoms. 
The classification of plants by means of comparing their dif- 
ferent organs is termed Systematic Botany. The knowledge oj 
the relations and uses of the 'various parts of pla/nts with respect 
to each other.^ is termed^ Physiological Botany. This depart- 
ment includes Vegetable Anatomy, or Structural Botany. 
• From the Greek Theos, God, and logos, a diiscourse. 
f From mcta, beyond, and phusis, nature. This term originated with Aristotle, who, considering 
the study of the intellectual world as beyond that of the material world, or physics, called it meta ta 
phusis. 
X From zoe, life, and logos, a discourse. 
8. Divisions of the sciences which relate to niind.— 9. Those which relate to matter.- -10. Definition 
«»t Botany — Divisiona of the Bubject. 
