14 
PARTS OF A FLOWEK. 
11. Systematic Botany is divided into the Artificial and 
Watuml Systems ; of the latter we sliall not at present treat. 
The Artificial System is founded upon dillerent circum- 
tances of the pistils and stamens. Linngeus, of Sweden, dis- 
covered that these organs are common to all perfect plamts^ 
and essential to their existence. Taking advantage of "ihia 
fact, he founded divisions called 
Classes smdOrders^ upon theirnum- 
her, situation, and proportion. Be- 
fore the student can learn the prin- 
ciples on which the classification 
of plants depends, it is necessary 
to become acquainted with the 
parts of a flower. 
12. We have here the represen- 
tation of a white lily (Fig. 1). 
The envelope is called the corolla.^ 
from corona., a crown. The pieces 
which compose the corolla are 
called petals (Fig. 1, <3^). The six 
thread-like organs within the co- 
rolla are called stamens ; each sta- 
men consists of a filament (Fig. 2, 
a)., and an anther {b). The anther 
contains the pollen., necessary to the perfection of the young 
seed. In the centre of the flower is the pistil ; this consists 
of the ova/ry {d\ the style ie\ and the stigm^a (/). The ovary 
contains the young seeds {ovules) / these are contained in one 
or more cells. The end of the stem which supports the organs 
of the flower, is called the receptacle {g\ sometimes tJialamm 
or torus. 
Fig. 1. 
11. Systematic Botany, how divided ?- -Artificial Method.— 12. Parts of a Flower. 
