ANALYSIS OF THE KOSE. 
17 
beardless the ' leaves are linear,^ ' subulate,^ or pointed at the end ; * chamteltd, 
or furrowed. 
We have now fourd the botanical name of this plant to be Dianthus caryophyl- 
lus ; and that it belongs to, 
Class 10th, Decandria. Order 2d, Digtnia. 
In this way it should be labeled for an herbarium, giving also the name of the 
Natural family, which in due time the student will be instructed to find. 
In this process, /ow distinct steps have been taken; 1st, to find the class ; 2d, 
the order ; 3d, the genus ; and 4th, the species. 
We can now proceed in the same manner with the analysis of any plant which 
belongs to the first ten classes, as all these classes depend upon the number of 
stamens. 
15. In analyzing a Lily, if natural flowers are not at hand, let the student refer 
to Figures 1st, 2d, and 3d ; this flower belongs to the 6th class, Hexandria ; 1st 
order, Monogynia. (See Class 6th, Order 1st, page 349, Appendix.) This order, 
containing many genera, is divided into several sections ; 1st, contains flowers, ^with 
a calyx and corolla.^ The Lily has no calyx, therefore it is not in this section ; 
2d, * Flowers issuing from a spatha.' The Lily has no spatha, * or sheath at its 
base,' therefore it is not in this section ; 3d, * Flowers with a single, corolla-like peri- 
anth.'' The Lily has such a corolla-like envelope, therefore we may expect to find 
it described under this section ; we proceed to compare each genus with our flower, 
till we find one which corresponds with the Lily. ' Hemerocalijs ; * Corolla six- 
parted this shows that the corolla is all of one piece,* with six divisions in the 
border. The Lily has six petals, therefore look no further in this genus, ' Lilium ;' 
We compare each particular in this description with our flower, and find an agree- 
ment in every respect. In the description of a genus, the diff^erent organs of the 
flower are considered ; in the species, the distinctions are chiefly drawn from dif- 
ferent circumstances of the leaves, stems, due. The flowers of two plants may agree 
in the organs of fructification, while the leaves, stalks, and branches, are very un- 
like ; in this case, the plants are considered as belonging to different species of the 
same genus. Thus, the shape of the leaves, the manner in which they grow on the 
stem, the hight of the stem, with the number of flowers growing upon it, the man- 
ner in which they grow, whether erect or nodding, these, and other circumstances, 
distinguish the different species. The color, a quality of the flower usually the 
most striking, is, in botany, little regarded. 
a. In the 11th class, icosandria, and the 12th class, Polyandria, we are to re 
mark, not only the number of stamens, which is always more than ten ; "but the 
vianner in which they are hiserted, or the part of the flower on which they are situ- 
ated. If, in pulling off the corolla, the stamens remain upon the calyx, the plant 
belongs to the 11th class; but if the corolla and calyx may be both removed, and 
the stamens still remain on the receptacle, the plant is of the 12th class. It is said 
that no poisonous plant has the stamens growing on the calyx ; in the 11th class we 
6nd many of our most delicious fruits, as the Apple, Pear, (fee. 
16. The Rose, on account of its beauty, is a conspicuous flower in the 11th class; 
it is often dignified with the title of " queen of flowers." 
a. We perceive, on examining the Rose, that its numerous stamens are attached 
to the calyx. A more perfect idea of their situation may be obtained by removing 
the petals, and cutting the calyx longitudinally. Therefore, because it has more 
than ten stamens growing upon the calyx, it belongs to the 11th class, Icosandria. 
The pistils being more than ten, it is of the 13th order, Polygynia. It belongs to 
the genus Rosa. The shape of the calyx is ' urnform ;' the calyx is ' inferior,' '■five 
♦ We shall use the terms monopetalous and polypetalous, as botanists have been accustomed to do 
«Ti descriptions of plants, though, according to the later theories, monopetalous corollas consist of several 
coimring oetals, and should be ciilled gamopetala%s (from monos, one, and ^a7»05, union), or united 
petals. 
15. Analysis of the LHy — Parts of the plant referred to in describing the genus and the species — New 
lirc'jmstances m be cotu'idertd in the 11th and 12th classes. — 16. Analysis of the Rose.— a. Why is U 
D the 11th class ?— why liie 13ih order? — Generic cliaracterd of the Rose. i 
