LEAVES. 
47 
neeply indented at their margins ; and according to the number of these indenta 
tions, they are said to be three-iobed, four-lobed, &c. Fig. 43, a, represents a three 
lobed leaf, as may be seen in the Hepatica triloba. 
p. Sinuate (from sinus, a bay) is ap- 
plied to leaves which have their margins 
mdented with deep, roundish divisions, 
as the leaf at 6, Fig. 43. 
q. Emarginate, denotes a slighter in- 
dentation, as the leaf at c, Fig. 43. 
r. FlabeJliform, or fan-shaped (from 
flahellum, a fan), is seen in some of the 
palms. In China they are used for fans, 
and sold to foreign merchants for the 
same purpose. Fig. 44 is a representa- 
tion of the dwarf fan-palm. 
8. Stellated, or whorled (from stella, a 
star), is applied both to leaves and 
flowers, and relates to the manner in 
which they grow around the stem, as in 
Fig 45. 
Fig. 45. 
t. Tubular ; as in the leaf of the onion. 
The Sarracenia, or side-saddle flower, has the sides of its leaf united, forming a 
cup, which is found filled with liquid, supposed to be a secretion from the vessels oi 
the plant. In some countries of the torrid zone, is the wild pine, or black mosa 
{Tillandsia), the leaves of which are hollowed out at their base, so as to be capable 
of containing more than a pint of fluid. A traveler says, " By making an incision 
into the base of this leaf, and collecting in our hats the water which it contained, 
we could obtain a sufficient supply for the relief of the most intense thirst." This 
water is not a secretion from the plant, but is deposited during the rainy season. 
The pitcher-plant {Nepenthes distillatoria, Fig. 
46), affords a most singular tubular appendage to 
its lanceolate leaf ; beyond the apex of the leaf a, 
the mid-rib extends in the form of a tendril, 
which is inflated into a hollow bend forming the 
cup or pitcher b, about six inches in length and 
one and a half in diameter ; it is furnished with 
a ligament like a lid, c, which expands and contracts according to the state of the 
atmosphere, so that the cup is open in damp weather to receive moisture from the 
air, and closed in dry weather to prevent its evaporation. It usually contains about 
half a pint of pure water. A small species of shrimp lives by feeding on the insects 
which collect in this cup. The pitcher-plant is a native of Ceylon, where the 
monkeys frequent it for quenching their thirst ; it has for this reason been called 
monkey-cup. 
55. Compound Leaves. — ^When several leaflets grow on one 
petiole, the whole is termed a com/pound leaf^ as in the rose, 
Fig. 47. The fall of compoimd lemes is caused by the separa- 
tion of the common petiole from the main stem. The number 
and arrangement of the leaflets depend upon the venation. Tho 
f, Slnnate — q. Einarginate — r. Flabelliform — s. Stellated — t. Tubu'ar. — 55. Compound leaveB. 
